与拉丁美洲人口健康衰老相关的因素
Hernando Santamaria-Garcia1,2,3, Agustín Sainz-Ballesteros4, Hernán Hernandez4,5
1Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. hernando.santamaria@gbhi.org.
Nature medicine
|August 10, 2023
概括
社会和健康差异,不仅仅是年龄和性别,在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区显著影响健康老龄化. 这些因素在低收入国家更为明显,需要定制的公共卫生干预措施.
科学领域:
- 老年学与公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
背景情况:
- 拉丁美洲和加勒比地区 (LAC) 人口表现出多样化的社会人口统计学,种族和文化特征,这些特征挑战了普遍的健康衰老模式.
- 影响LAC国家健康老龄化的风险因素的相互作用仍未得到充分探索.
- 与差距相关的因素和国家间的变异性可能在LAC健康老龄化中比传统的人口驱动因素发挥更重要的作用.
研究的目的:
- 研究健康的社会决定因素 (SDH),生活方式,心脏代谢因素,心理健康和人口统计学对LAC健康衰老 (认知和功能能力) 的综合影响.
- 分析这些影响在不同社会经济发展水平的LAC国家.
- 为了比较拉美美洲地区和拉美国家 (哥斯达黎加) 与中国之间的健康老龄化模式.
主要方法:
- 使用横截面和纵向机器学习模型.
- 分析了来自LAC国家44394名参与者的数据.
- 评估了SDH,生活方式,心脏代谢因素,心理健康,年龄和性别对健康衰老结果的影响.
主要成果:
- 社会和健康差异,包括SDH (β > 0.3),心理健康 (β > 0.6) 和心脏代谢风险 (β > 0.22),是健康衰老的更强有力的预测因素,而不是年龄和性别 (β < 0.2).
- 这些差异驱动的模式在低收入到中等收入的LAC国家比高收入国家更为明显.
- 纵向分析显示,与中国相比,哥斯达黎加的模式不同,突出了特定区域的影响.
结论:
- 在拉美美洲,健康老龄化受到健康和健康差异的社会决定因素的显著影响,通常会掩盖传统的人口统计因素.
- 在拉丁美洲和美洲地区,健康老龄化的异质模式存在,特别受社会经济地位的影响.
- 调查结果强调需要进行国家风险评估和针对区域的公共卫生干预措施,以应对与不平等相关的和LAC特定区域的老龄化模式.
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