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相关概念视频

Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
143
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
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The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

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价值动态会影响决策过程中的选择准备.

Zuzanna Z Balewski1, Thomas W Elston1, Eric B Knudsen1

  • 1Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Nature neuroscience
|August 10, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

轨道前皮层 (OFC) 中的神经元在决策过程中影响前带状皮层 (ACC). 这种相互作用有助于大脑通过调节 ACC 中的神经活动来选择最有价值的选项.

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Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 决策研究 决策研究
  • 灵长类的认知能力

背景情况:

  • 轨道前皮层 (OFC) 在决策过程中连续表示选项值.
  • 前带带皮质 (ACC) 包含编码选择反应的神经元,并与OFC连接.
  • OFC价值信号与ACC选择相关活动之间的确切相互作用仍然不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 研究OFC值信号与编码选择反应的ACC神经元之间的相互作用.
  • 了解OFC动态如何通过ACC转化为选择响应.
  • 阐明基于价值的决策背后的神经机制.

主要方法:

  • 在非人类灵长类动物的OFC和ACC中同时进行高通道计数电生理学记录.
  • 在涉及基于价值的选择的决策任务期间记录了神经活动.
  • 分析的重点是两个地区神经元发射率的时间动态.

主要成果:

  • 编码选择反应的ACC神经元在发射速度上呈现稳定的增加,在选择之前达到峰值.
  • OFC价值表示模块化ACC神经提升;更高价值选项加速了ACC活动.
  • OFC在较长时间内代表更有价值的选项的趋势与ACC上升动态相关.

结论:

  • 在OFC价值信号和ACC升级之间的相互作用提供了一个潜在的机制来选择更有价值的选择.
  • ACC神经元整合来自OFC的价值信息来指导行为反应.
  • 这项研究揭示了基于价值的决策和行动选择背后的神经回路.