较高的食品价格可以减少贫困,并刺激粮食生产的增长
Derek Headey1, Kalle Hirvonen2,3
1International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Colombo, Sri Lanka. d.headey@cgiar.org.
Nature food
|August 10, 2023
概括
食品价格上可以减少贫困,特别是在农业中等收入国家. 较高的粮食成本激励农业生产,提高工资,降低贫困率.
科学领域:
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 发展研究 发展研究 研究
- 农业经济学 农业经济学
背景情况:
- 2007-2008年,2010-2011年和2021-2022年的粮食价格升引发了对其对贫困影响的质疑.
- 虽然食物是穷人的主要支出,但许多人还依赖粮食生产和销售来获得收入.
- 以前的短期模型可能低估了价格上对贫困人口粮食生产的积极影响.
研究的目的:
- 分析实际粮食价格变化与中等收入国家贫困率之间的关系.
- 调查食品价格波动对贫困人口的短期影响.
- 探索农业供应响应和工资调整的调解作用.
主要方法:
- 分析了2000年至2019年间来自33个中等收入国家的年度数据.
- 利用世界银行的贫困指标和实际粮食价格变化.
- 雇员小组回归分析,以评估食品价格上对贫困的影响.
主要成果:
- 实际食品价格的同比上与每天3.20美元的贫困人口数量减少有关.
- 这种减少贫困的效应在大多数中等收入国家中得到观察.
- 在更多的城市或非农业经济体中,积极影响不那么明显.
结论:
- 粮食价格上可以刺激农业供应,导致对不熟练劳动力的需求增加和工资上.
- 这表明,在许多中等收入的农业环境中,更高的粮食价格可以产生净减贫效应.
- 政策考虑应该考虑到食品价格的双重作用,即作为穷人的成本和收入来源.
相关概念视频
01:16What is Climate?
18.6K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
18.6K
01:10Nature and Nurture
20.5K
Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
20.5K
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
22.4K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.4K
02:41Responses to Drought and Flooding
10.7K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
10.7K
01:21Overview of Protein Metabolism
1.3K
Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
1.3K
01:01Production Efficiency
16.9K
Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
16.9K