辅助染色体的丢失将致病性树根真菌转化为互惠的内生植物
Huanshen Wei1, Zhenhui Zhong2, Zhongfeng Li1
1State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.
Plant communications
|August 11, 2023
概括
辅助染色体 (ACs) 可以抑制有益的植物共生. 从Stagonosporopsis rhizophilae中去除一个AC促进了类似内细胞的有益相互作用,揭示了ACs.
科学领域:
- 菌类学 菌类学是指菌类学.
- 植物病理学 植物病理学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 菌类辅助染色体 (ACs) 是异染色体DNA元素,可以影响菌类的特征.
- 在调解生活方式转变,特别是寄生和共生之间,ACs在调解生活方式转变中的作用仍然不太清楚.
- 草根菌 (Stagonosporopsis rhizophilae) 是一种与树植物相关的真菌,在毒性方面表现出差异性.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究Stagonosporopsis rhizophilae分离物中的生活方式分歧的遗传基础.
- 为了确定特定辅助染色体 (AC) 在调解真菌-植物相互作用中的功能.
- 阐明ACs影响真菌表型和共生能力的分子机制.
主要方法:
- 比较基因组学以确定真菌分离物之间的遗传差异.
- 使用基因操纵生成一个AC删除突变 (Δ16W).
- 野生型和突变菌株的表型特征,包括形态学,黑色化和植物相互作用.
- RNA测序 (RNA-seq) 用于分析在AC删除后的基因表达变化.
- 染色体可访问性测试用于评估全基因组监管元素状态.
主要成果:
- 在16W的隔离体中发现了水平获得的~0.6Mb的交流电,与轻微寄生的生活方式相关.
- 删除AC (Δ16W) 导致与非寄生性16B分离物相似的表型,具有增强的黑色化和有益的内类相互作用.
- RNA-seq揭示了 Δ16W 突变体中与根植入相关的基因的上调,酸和黑色素生物合成.
- 交流损失导致更封闭的染色质状态,表明cis调节元件的重塑和增强的共生效率.
- 交生能力被证明是不同植物物种 (,小麦,阿拉比多普西斯) 的非宿主特异性,甚至与肝草.
结论:
- 在Stagonosporopsis rhizophilae中的辅助染色体作为有益的共生抑制剂.
- 一个AC的损失通过改变基因表达和染色质结构来促进有益的植物真菌互惠关系.
- AC编码的效应体可能已经进化为促进血管植物的轻度毒性,而它们的缺席则促进了内生植物类相互作用.
- 这项研究提供了对互惠的机制和辅助染色体在真菌生活方式进化中的作用的见解.
更多相关视频
11:42Genetic Manipulation of the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis to Study Fungal Biology and Plant Microbe Interactions
Published on: September 30, 2016
14.5K
11:30Unravelling the Function of a Bacterial Effector from a Non-cultivable Plant Pathogen Using a Yeast Two-hybrid Screen
Published on: January 20, 2017
11.6K
相关概念视频
01:28Fungal Phylum Microsporidia
41
Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
41
01:29Fungal Group Zygomycota
43
Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
43
01:26Transformation
30
Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
30
01:16Transduction
42
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
42
01:19Conjugation
37
Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that primarily occurs in bacteria and some archaea, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through conjugative plasmids, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatments that would otherwise be lethal. This process involves direct contact between cells through specialized structures such as the sex pilus and is mediated by conjugative plasmids, including the F (fertility) factor.Conjugation requires...
37
02:40Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores
13.1K
Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...
13.1K