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TNF MAIT细胞的转录形状与SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种后的B细胞反应有关

Paolo Marzano¹, Simone Balin¹, Sara Terzoli^2,3

¹Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Frontiers in immunology

|August 11, 2023

概括

粘膜相关不变T细胞 (MAIT) 是一种免疫细胞,在SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种后产生TNF,促进B细胞激活和抗体产生. 这表明MAIT细胞可以在未来的mRNA疫苗中用作辅助剂.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学
细胞生物学细胞生物学

背景情况:

粘膜相关的不变T细胞 (MAIT) 参与了对mRNA疫苗的适应性免疫反应.
连接MAIT细胞与疫苗反应,特别是B细胞激活的确切机制尚不清楚.
了解这些相互作用对于优化疫苗疗效和开发新型疫苗策略至关重要.

研究的目的:

研究MAIT细胞在接种SARS-CoV-2mRNA (BNT162b2) 疫苗后的适应性免疫反应中的作用.
阐明有关MAIT细胞反应,特别是TNF产生如何影响接种疫苗后B细胞激活的机制性见解.
探索MAIT细胞在基于mRNA的疫苗平台中作为细胞辅助剂的潜力.

主要方法:

纵向单细胞RNA测序 (scRNA-seq) 和单细胞T细胞受体测序 (scTCR-seq) 在接受两剂BNT162b2 mRNA疫苗的健康成年人的外周血液单核细胞 (PBMC) 上进行.
在多个时间点收集PBMC:疫苗接种前,疫苗接种后3天和17天,以及疫苗接种后3天和3个月.
计算方法,包括功能通路丰富 (Reactome),效应细胞偏振动力学 (RNA Velocity,CellRank) 和细胞间通信分析 (NicheNet),用于分析scRNA/TCR-seq数据.

主要成果:

在BNT162b2重复接种疫苗后,MAIT细胞被确定为瘤坏死因子 (TNF) 的重要来源,在第二剂疫苗接种后诱导了TNF特征.
MAIT细胞增加TNF表达与MAIT细胞增殖相关,并增强了抗SARS-CoV-2抗体的产生.
分析揭示了MAIT细胞和B细胞子集之间的预测TNF介导相互作用,特别是针对常规切换记忆B细胞,这对长期免疫至关重要.

结论:

接种SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2疫苗可以调节MAIT细胞频率和效应因子,从而可能增强B细胞激活和抗体反应.
这项研究强调了产生TNF的MAIT细胞在对mRNA疫苗接种的适应性免疫反应中的重要作用.
MAIT细胞显示出作为未来基于mRNA的疫苗开发的细胞辅助剂的前景.

关键词:

B 细胞 B 细胞 B 细胞一个 MAIT 细胞.这就是SARS-CoV-2病毒.这就是TNF TNF.免疫反应的免疫反应.这是mRNA疫苗.单细胞RNA/TCR-测序

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