美国闭环抽储能水电的生命周期评估
Timothy R Simon1, Daniel Inman1, Rebecca Hanes1
1The Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
Environmental science & technology
|August 11, 2023
概括
生命周期评估表明,美国的闭环储水电 (PSH) 的全球变暖潜力 (GWP) 为58530g CO2e/kWh. 电网组合和建筑材料显著影响PSH.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 能源系统工程 能源系统工程
- 气候变化缓解缓解 气候变化缓解
背景情况:
- 美国的目标是到2050年实现全经济脱碳,需要可扩展的储能解决方案.
- 储水电 (PSH) 是一项经过验证的电网规模储能技术,对电网弹性至关重要.
- 现有PSH技术的生命周期温室气体排放 (GHG) 数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 在美国对新的闭环PSH设施进行全面的生命周期评估 (LCA).
- 量化全球变暖潜力 (GWP) 每千瓦时 (kWh) 交付到电网的储存电力.
- 确定影响PSH GWP的关键因素.
主要方法:
- 在初步许可阶段利用了PSH设施的公开数据.
- 采用完整的生命周期评估 (LCA) 边界,从建造到退役.
- 归因于向最近的电网变电站输送的1千瓦时电力的计算 GWP.
主要成果:
- 闭环PSH的估计GWP范围在58至530gCO2e/kWh之间.
- 用于送的电力的电网组合对GWP产生了最重要的影响.
- 建筑中使用的混凝土是第二大 contributor 的 GWP.
- 与绿地相比,利用棕地场地将GWP降低约20%,与绿地场地相比.
结论:
- 与替代能源存储技术相比,闭环PSH证明了气候效益.
- 优化电网组合和选址 (例如,棕地) 可以大幅降低PSH的GWP.
- 这项研究提供了关键生命周期排放数据,用于在脱碳努力中部署PSH.
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