幼儿对社会道德场景的情感反应:从生理测量中获得的洞察力
1Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|August 11, 2023
概括
幼儿在目睹反社会行为时表现出负面情绪的生理征兆和减少兴奋,这表明道德的早期情感处理. 这项研究使用了面部EMG,电皮活动和瞳孔测量来测量反应.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 道德心理学道德心理学
背景情况:
- 婴儿对社会道德情况表现出敏感性,更喜欢亲社会因素.
- 情感过程在婴儿对亲社会/反社会行为的反应中的作用尚未完全理解.
- 以前对婴儿面部表情的研究存在局限性,包括效果大小小,依赖于天真的编码器.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查幼儿的实时生理反应,以帮助与阻碍互动.
- 探索情感过程的参与,特别是影响和唤起,在幼儿处理社会道德场景.
- 为了检查18至24个月大的幼儿之间的情绪反应的年龄相关差异.
主要方法:
- 采用了三种生理测量方法:面部肌肉活动的面部电肌图 (EMG),应激的皮电活动 (EDA) 和兴奋的瞳孔测量.
- 使用EMG和瞳孔测量测试了18个月的孩子,使用EDA和瞳孔测量测试了24个月的孩子.
- 观察到帮助者与阻碍者代理人的行为偏好.
主要成果:
- 在行为上,在任何一个年龄组中都没有观察到对帮助者而不是阻碍者的显著偏好.
- 18个月的面部EMG显示,阻碍行为期间眉增加,随后眉减少,表明消极和脱离.
- 瞳孔测量显示,在阻碍与帮助后,两个年龄组的瞳孔大小都较小,这表明反社会行为后的兴奋减少.
结论:
- 小孩对亲社会和反社会行为表现出不同的生理反应,即使没有明确的行为偏好.
- 反社会行为引起了幼儿的负面影响和减少了兴奋,这表明幼儿与道德场景的早期情感参与.
- 这些发现为婴儿社会道德认知中兴奋和情感过程的作用提供了新的生理证据.
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