对负责进化转变的新型/被淘汰基因的广泛识别
Vassily A Lyubetsky1,2, Lev I Rubanov1, Maria B Tereshina3,4
1Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kharkevich Institute), 19 Build. 1, Bolshoy Karetny per., Moscow, Russia, 127051.
Biology direct
|August 11, 2023
概括
科学家们开发了一种新方法来识别进化过程中丢失或获得的基因,将它们与肢体再生等特征的变化联系起来. 这种方法有助于理解进化转变和基因功能.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
背景情况:
- 进化变化通常涉及基因调节元素或蛋白质组成.
- 新出现的证据表明,从整个基因的获取或损失中可以产生显著的进化转变.
- 识别这些特定的基因是生物信息学和进化发育生物学中的一个复杂的挑战.
研究的目的:
- 提出一种用于识别与进化过程中表型特征的丧失或出现相关的基因的新方法.
- 为了研究胚胎动物 (爬行动物,鸟类,哺乳动物) 与胚胎动物 (鱼类,两动物) 的基因进化损失.
- 探索这些基因在生物过程中的作用,例如尾再生.
主要方法:
- 提出了WINEGRET方法,以找到与表型特征并发的丢失/出现的基因.
- 利用基因同质性和局部合成来确定进化阶段,避免了传统的ortolog数据库.
- 采用深度RNA测序来识别具有显著表达变化的基因在模型生物的特征发展过程中.
- 应用该方法来识别遗传物中丢失的,但在遗传物中存在的基因,专注于附属物再生.
主要成果:
- 鉴定出了57个基因,这些基因在羊动物中不存在,但在羊动物中存在,可能参与再生.
- 在尾巴再生中,三种已识别的基因 (c-c 基因化学素4,eotaxin-like 和 sod4) 证明了它们的重要作用.
- 描述了sod4作为一种新型基因,属于Cu/Zn-超氧化物脱酶家族,在羊动物中丢失.
结论:
- 维尼格雷特方法可以对与表型特征演变相关的基因进行有针对性的鉴定.
- 这项研究成功地确定了氨基体中缺少的基因,这些基因参与了氨基体中附属体的再生.
- 这种方法为研究基因收益/损失和表型变化之间的进化相互作用提供了显著的潜力.
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