马拉维的卫生状况:可持续发展目标6.2是可以实现的吗?
Rebekah G K Hinton1,2, Christopher J A Macleod2, Mads Troldborg2
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK.
概括
马拉维并没有在2030年结束露天排便的轨道上,目前的卫生设施率不足. 由于填充而废弃的坑洞所对实现可持续发展目标6.2.2提出了重大挑战.
科学领域:
- 环境科学与公共卫生
- 水,环境卫生和卫生 (WASH)
- 可持续发展目标 (SDG) 是可持续发展的目标.
背景情况:
- 可持续发展目标6.2的目标是确保所有人获得充足和公平的卫生设施,并到2030年结束露天排便.
- 马拉维在卫生设施供应方面取得了进展,但改善的速度是实现国家和全球目标的担忧.
- 精确评估卫生设施,特别是"改进"的类型,如坑所,对于评估进展至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估马拉维在到2030年结束露天排便的进展情况,与可持续发展目标6.2.2保持一致.
- 预测未来的卫生需求,并评估在各种人口增长情景下实现可持续发展目标的可能性.
- 调查坑使用的可持续性,并确定挑战,如废弃,影响长期的卫生设施.
主要方法:
- 对20多万个卫生设施进行了全国性调查,以评估卫生设施的供应和管理.
- 利用线性模型,结合非线性人口动态,分析露天排便减少 (1992-2018) 和预测未来趋势.
- 从多项调查中比较的卫生数据,包括人口和健康 (DHS) 调查和人口普查数据,以确定"改进"设施分类中的差异.
主要成果:
- 按照目前的设施提供速度,马拉维不太可能实现可持续发展目标6.2的目标,即到2030年结束露天排便.
- 某些调查,特别是2015/16年DHS调查,可能会高估"改善"的卫生条件,原因是石板坑所使用的分类方法.
- 在30.2%的案例中,坑洞所填充导致废弃,据估计,在2020-2070年期间,估计有3180万个坑洞所被废弃.
结论:
- 马拉维需要在卫生设施的数量和质量方面取得重大改进,才能实现可持续发展目标6.2.2.
- 矿坑所基础设施的长期可持续性受到废弃的威胁,这对地下水质量构成风险,并代表投资损失.
- 准确的数据收集和对卫生设施的一致分类对于有效的监测和规划通用卫生来说至关重要.
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