植物乳制品替代品有助于健康和可持续的饮食
Winston J Craig1, Virginia Messina2, Ian Rowland3
1Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 93254, USA.
Nutrients
|August 12, 2023
概括
基于植物的替代乳制品提供与奶牛奶相比较的营养,对环境的影响明显较低. 强化植物性饮料支持可持续饮食,而不会影响营养状况.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
背景情况:
- 消费者对个人和地球健康的日益增长的兴趣推动了对植物性食品的需求.
- 基于植物的替代乳制品 (PBDA) 越来越多地被纳入可持续的饮食模式.
- 来自豆类的植物性饮料 (PBD) 提供高蛋白质,强化选择提供与乳制品牛奶相比的必需营养素.
研究的目的:
- 与乳制品牛奶相比,评估PBDAs的营养充足度和环境足迹.
- 在EAT-Lancet行星健康饮食框架内,评估用强化PBD取代乳制品牛奶的影响.
- 解决PBDAs被错误地归类为超加工食品的问题,以及其阻止植物性饮食转型的潜力.
主要方法:
- 对PBD和乳制品牛奶的营养特征 (蛋白质,维生素,矿物质) 的比较分析.
- 评估环境影响指标,包括温室气体排放,土地利用,肥沃化和PBD和乳制品牛奶的水消耗.
- 在参考饮食中用强化PBD取代奶牛奶时,对营养状况和环境足迹的变化进行评估.
主要成果:
- 强化PBD提供足够的必需营养素,相当于乳制品牛奶.
- 与乳制品牛奶相比,PBDAs显著减少了环境影响:温室气体排放量减少了59-71%,土地利用减少了,每250毫升的环氧化影响更低.
- 麦和大豆PBD的用水量明显低于乳制品牛奶,但大米PBD的用水量却不高.
结论:
- 在像EAT-Lancet行星健康饮食这样的饮食中,用强化植物饮料取代乳制品牛奶可以保持营养状况,同时减少环境足迹.
- 许多PBDA被归类为超加工食品与其营养质量不一致,可能会阻碍采用有益的植物性饮食.
- 需要进一步的研究和准确的分类,以支持知情的消费者选择可持续和健康的饮食模式.
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