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在双相地磁风暴期间,两次星际链接发射的电离层天气在两个星际链接发射
Tamara Gulyaeva1, Manuel Hernández-Pajares2, Iwona Stanislawska3
1The Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 12, 2023
概括
太空天气风暴,特别是地磁风暴,在2022年对Starlink卫星发射产生了重大影响. 在这些风暴期间大气阻力增加导致大多数卫星从一次发射中重新进入地球大气层,突出了更好的空间天气预报的需要.
科学领域:
- 空间物理 空间物理
- 卫星工程 卫星工程
- 大气科学 大气科学
背景情况:
- 2022年两次Starlink卫星发射与严重的双相地磁风暴相吻合.
- 2022年2月3日的首次发射 (S-36) 发生在中度风暴期间,导致大量卫星损失.
- 第二次发射 (S-49) 于2022年7月7日,发生在高峰风暴期间,结果不同.
研究的目的:
- 分析地磁风暴对Starlink卫星发射的影响.
- 在太空天气事件期间评估电离层预测模型的准确性.
- 突出需要改善卫星运营的太空天气预报.
主要方法:
- 对星际链接发射S-36和S-49的卫星轨迹数据的分析.
- 利用全球电离层总电子含量地图 (GIM-TEC) 来得出电离层天气 (GIM-W) 和全球电子含量指数 (GEC).
- 将各种GIM预测技术 (CODE,BADG,CASG,JPRG,UPC-ionSAT) 与观察到的电离层数据进行比较.
主要成果:
- 2022年2月3日的地磁风暴使中性大气密度增加了多达50%,导致49颗Starlink卫星中的38颗由于阻力增加而无法进入轨道.
- 在两次发射后的风暴峰值期间,全球电子含量 (GEC) 增加了10-24% .
- 现有的GIM-TEC预报模型与观测数据的对应性不佳,这表明预测空间天气事件期间的电离层行为存在局限性.
结论:
- 地磁风暴对卫星发射和运营构成重大风险,原因是大气密度的变化和阻力增加.
- 目前的电离层预报模型需要大幅改进,以准确预测卫星上的太空天气影响.
- 加强行业和科学之间的合作和意识对于开发在太空天气事件期间GIM-TEC的可访问和可靠的现在预测和预测至关重要.
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