六年来日本PM2.5结合金属的特征:空间分布,健康风险和来源分析
Xi Zhang1, Meng Sun1, Masahide Aikawa1
1Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
Journal of environmental management
|August 13, 2023
概括
在日本,空气采样显示了大量的PM2.5污染,特别是在西南部. 人类产生的金属对健康构成风险,特别是对儿童,特定的城市被确定为污染控制的高优先级.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 大气化学 大气化学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 空气质量监测对于了解环境污染及其对健康的影响至关重要.
- 颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和相关金属是具有区域差异的重要空气污染物.
- 评估来自空气中的金属的健康风险对于公共卫生政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查PM2.5和26种金属在日本的特征和空间分布.
- 评估PM2.5中人为金属对儿童和成人造成的健康风险.
- 确定高风险地区和金属污染的主要来源,以进行有针对性的管理.
主要方法:
- 在日本100个地点进行空气采样 (2014年4月 - 2020年2月).
- 分析了PM2.5度和26种金属.
- 应用健康风险评估 (危险指数和致癌风险) 和正矩阵因数分解 (PMF).
主要成果:
- PM2.5度从日本东北部增加到西南部,基塔丘市是污染量最高的城市 (19.8μg m−3).
- 金属的空间变化较小 (总度为0.4μg m-3),人为来源占~8%,但对健康构成重大风险.
- 儿童面临的非致癌风险 (HI:2.715.0) 和致癌风险 (CR:4.1×10−53.4×10−4) 比成人高.
- 塞托内陆海沿岸和东北东北地区被确定为严重污染的地区;确定了20个高风险地区,优先考虑尼哈马,基塔库岛,哈奇诺河和西蒙诺塞基城市.
- 据PMF分析,船舶,工业,生物质燃烧和煤炭燃烧是高污染城市的关键来源.
结论:
- 该研究提供了对日本PM2.5金属污染的综合区域评估.
- 在PM2.5中,人类制造的金属构成了严重的公共卫生问题,特别是对于儿童来说.
- 这些发现支持制定成本效益高的风险管理政策,以控制空气污染.
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