面具:了解它们在湿地中的丰富性,退化和潜在的生态毒性
Ana Paço1, Ana M Oliveira2, Diogo A Ferreira-Filipe1
1Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
The Science of the total environment
|August 13, 2023
概括
一次性面罩污染了湿地,但真菌可以将它们生物降解. 释放的微纤维损害了双动物,这表明迫切需要污染控制和减缓战略.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 微塑料研究 微塑料研究
背景情况:
- 一次性面罩是全球日益增长的环境污染物.
- 湿地是重要的生态系统,在污染研究中经常被忽视.
- 面罩在Ria de Aveiro湿地中的积累和影响以前没有得到量化.
研究的目的:
- 评估Ria de Aveiro湿地中的面具丰富度和退化情况.
- 评估自然存在的真菌在面具微塑料上的生物降解潜力.
- 确定面罩衍生微纤维对当地两动物种群的生态毒性.
主要方法:
- 现场监测面罩的存在和随时间的降解.
- 使用真菌 (Penicillium brevicompactum,Zalerion maritimum) 进行实验室生物降解分析.
- 福里埃变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 用于材料识别和降解分析.
- 对Venerupis corrugata进行生态毒性测试,测量细胞能量分配 (CEA) 和有氧能量代谢 (ETS).
主要成果:
- 政策实施后,湿地中的面具数量显著下降.
- FTIR分析证实,口罩是基于聚烯的,并显示了降解的迹象.
- 菌证明了微塑料的生物降解,质量损失在22%至50%之间.
- 紫外线老化的微纤维诱导了类的亚致命效应,降低了CEA和增加了ETS.
- 暴露在高微塑料度下的鱼表现出更高的清除能力,这表明能量补偿.
结论:
- 这项研究建立了湿地面具污染的基线.
- 在实验室条件下,自然真菌群体可以生物降解面罩微塑料.
- 面罩微纤维对湿地双生物构成生态毒理学风险.
- 迫切需要采取监管行动和减缓战略,以应对这种新出现的污染物.
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