氨酸和肌氨酸电机在可编程细胞骨复合材料中竞争驱动丰富的多相动力学
Ryan J McGorty1, Christopher J Currie1, Jonathan Michel2
1Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA.
PNAS nexus
|August 14, 2023
概括
科学家们使用actin和微管子设计了复杂的细胞骨模型. 他们发现了运动蛋白和交叉连接器控制流动和结构,揭示了细胞组件如何合作进行各种过程.
科学领域:
- 活动物质物理学 活动物质物理学
- 细胞生物物理学 细胞生物物理学
- 软物质科学 软物质科学
背景情况:
- 细胞细胞骨架,一个复杂的电机和纤维的网络,驱动基本的不平衡过程.
- 目前的活性物质研究经常使用简化的系统,与复杂的细胞细胞骨架不同.
- 了解复合活性物质是解读细胞机制的关键.
研究的目的:
- 设计和研究actin-microtubule (MT) 复合物作为细胞细胞骨架动力学的模型.
- 探索运动蛋白 (素,肌素) 和交叉连接剂如何影响这些复合材料的结构和流动.
- 阐明控制细胞骨架网络内的合作和竞争相互作用的基本原则.
主要方法:
- 制造由基因素和肌素电机驱动的行为-MT复合材料,具有可调节的交叉连接.
- 高速成像和差分动态显微镜 (DDM) 用于分析动态重组和流动.
- 开发一个最小的向-扩散模型和空间相关性分析,以将动态与结构联系起来.
主要成果:
- 复合重组和流速根据配方不同,在三个数量级上有所不同.
- 运动对抗性 (素与肌素) 抑制了重组,而交叉链接促进了聚类.
- 不平衡动力学被分为三个类别:缓慢的同位素重定向,快速的定向流和多模重组.
结论:
- 电机驱动的引力和摩擦阻力之间的相互作用决定了各种各样的新兴结构动机.
- 运动竞争和交叉链接作为细胞骨复合动态的关键调节者.
- 该平台提供了关于细胞骨成分在细胞过程和活性物质系统中的合作和竞争的见解.
相关概念视频
01:32Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration
4.8K
A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
4.8K
01:43The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles
4.6K
In eukaryotic cells, cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
4.6K
01:12Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments
3.8K
The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
3.8K
01:32Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins
8.1K
Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular...
8.1K
01:18Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments
21.1K
Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
21.1K
01:33Introduction to the Cytoskeleton
26.9K
Overview of the Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments present within the cell, having three distinct filaments ̶ microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Each has characteristic features that distinguish them, including the dynamics of their assembly and disassembly, mechanical properties, polarity, and the type of molecular motors associated with them. Earlier, they were thought to be present only in eukaryotic cells; however, their...
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments present within the cell, having three distinct filaments ̶ microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Each has characteristic features that distinguish them, including the dynamics of their assembly and disassembly, mechanical properties, polarity, and the type of molecular motors associated with them. Earlier, they were thought to be present only in eukaryotic cells; however, their...
26.9K