用大型语言模型将患者与临床试验相匹配
Qiao Jin1, Zifeng Wang2, Charalampos S Floudas3
1National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
ArXiv
|August 14, 2023
概括
使用大型语言模型的新框架TrialGPT显著改善了患者与试验的匹配. 它有效地确定合适的临床试验,减少了超过40%的招聘查时间.
科学领域:
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 生物医学数据科学 生物医学数据科学
背景情况:
- 患者招募是临床试验成功的一个主要瓶.
- 有效地将患者与合适的临床试验相匹配仍然是一个重大挑战.
研究的目的:
- 引入TrialGPT,这是一个端到端的框架,用于使用大型语言模型进行零射击患者到试验的匹配.
- 评估TrialGPT在改善临床试验患者招募方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 开发了三个模块的TrialGPT:TrialGPT-Retrieval用于大规模过,TrialGPT-Matching用于标准级资格预测,TrialGPT-Ranking用于试验级评分.
- 在合成患者队列和现实世界的数据上进行评估,与专家性能和现有模型进行比较.
主要成果:
- TrialGPT-Retrieval回忆了90%以上的相关试验,使用<6%的数据集.
- TrialGPT-Matching通过忠实解释实现了87.3%的准确性.
- 在用户研究中,TrialGPT-Ranking在竞争模型中的表现优于43.8%,选时间缩短了42.6%.
结论:
- TrialGPT展示了一种强大而高效的方法来匹配患者与试验.
- 该框架为加速临床试验招聘和改善患者进入试验提供了重大潜力.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
01:16Clinical Trials
6.9K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
6.9K
01:11Clinical Trials: Overview
3.0K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
3.0K
02:07Improving Translational Accuracy
11.6K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
11.6K
02:50Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
4.9K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
4.9K
01:12Statistical Software for Data Analysis and Clinical Trials
626
Statistical software is pivotal in data analysis and clinical trials by providing tools to analyze data, draw conclusions, and make predictions. These software packages range from simple data management applications to complex analytical platforms, supporting various statistical tests, models, and simulation techniques. Their significance lies in their ability to handle vast amounts of data with precision and efficiency, enabling researchers to validate hypotheses, identify trends, and make...
626