细胞内Ca2+信号传递:常见嫌疑人的意想不到的新角色
Francesco Moccia1, Alessandra Fiorio Pla2, Dmitry Lim3
1Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Frontiers in physiology
|August 14, 2023
概括
细胞功能是由复杂的 (Ca2+) 信号调节的. 新型成像和遗传工具揭示了对健康和疾病中的Ca2+处理的新见解.
科学领域:
- 细胞生理学 细胞生理学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 细胞质Ca2+信号对于细胞功能至关重要,涉及复杂的空间和时间模式.
- 细胞内Ca2+度 ([Ca2+]i) 的微调依赖于膜受体,离子通道,Ca2+依赖的传感器,效应器和Ca2+清除机制.
- 特定于细胞类型的Ca2+处理机器产生针对特定细胞功能量身定制的信号.
研究的目的:
- 报告意大利生理学会关于细胞内Ca2+信号传递的第72届年会上讨论的新兴话题.
- 在健康和疾病状态中突出Ca2+信号传递的新机制.
- 介绍了解Ca2+处理机械及其监管方面的最新进展.
主要方法:
- 综述了研讨会的演讲和讨论.
- 整合了新型高速二维和三维时隔成像技术的发现.
- 讨论从单波长和遗传Ca2+指标以及基因工程工具中获得的见解.
主要成果:
- 通过通过短暂受体潜在粘脂素1 (TRPML1) 释放 lysosomal Ca2+ 的方式调节脏水的再吸收.
- 质网膜到线粒体的Ca2+转移与阿尔茨海默病相关的星功能障碍有关.
- 作为癌症特征中的Rap1A抑制剂,TRP Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) 的非正规作用.
- 在心血管系统中 Ca2+信号的非遗传光学刺激.
结论:
- 细胞内Ca2+信号传递在各种生理和病理条件下调节细胞命运方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 图像和遗传技术的进步不断扩大我们对Ca2+信号调节的理解.
- 新兴的研究领域,包括溶酶体和线粒体Ca2+运输,非正规离子通道功能和光学刺激,提供了新的治疗途径.
相关概念视频
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling
5.2K
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
5.2K
Intracellular Signaling Cascades
47.0K
Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
47.0K
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration
3.4K
Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
3.4K
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers
7.0K
Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
7.0K
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions
2.7K
Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Some...
2.7K
What are Second Messengers?
83.9K
Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
83.9K


