没有补偿就没有代表:利益集团对立法者的政策影响 焦点领域
Oliver Huwyler1, Tomas Turner-Zwinkels2, Stefanie Bailer3
1Department of Government, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
概括
利益集团影响议员.
科学领域:
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- 利益集团是民主制度中的关键角色,旨在影响政策和立法.
- 了解这些团体对议员施加影响的机制对于评估立法代表性至关重要.
- 以前的研究集中在游说和竞选融资上,对对议会活动的直接影响的关注较少.
研究的目的:
- 调查利益集团对议员使用特定议会工具的影响.
- 分析利益集团和议员之间的正式联系 (例如董事会席位) 如何影响立法行动.
- 为了确定这种影响是否会在正式关系被切断后继续存在,以及个人亲和关系如何调节关系.
主要方法:
- 利用了一个新的纵向数据集,涵盖了2000-2015年的瑞士议员.
- 分析了议员与利益集团之间的6342个正式关系.
- 审查了15个政策领域的23,750份议会文书 (问题,动议,议案),控制了个别和时间变化的特点.
主要成果:
- 利益集团系统地影响议员在其运营政策领域内的工具的使用.
- 即使考虑到议员的固定影响和个人亲和关系 (职业,委员会成员) 后,这种影响也很明显.
- 个人亲密关系显著减轻了影响力,在正式关系终止后,影响力会减弱.
结论:
- 与利益集团的正式联系明显影响议员的立法行为.
- 利益集团的影响力取决于这些联系的持久性,并因个人议会特征而受到调节.
- 调查结果有助于理解利益集团的代表性和立法影响的动态.
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