来自不同排放源的颗粒物空气污染和美国痴呆病发病情况的比较
Boya Zhang1, Jennifer Weuve2, Kenneth M Langa3,4,5,6
1Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor.
JAMA internal medicine
|August 14, 2023
概括
接触细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 空气污染会增加痴呆症的风险. 农业和野火来源的PM2.5显示,与老年人痴呆率较高的最强的关联.
科学领域:
- 环境流行病学环境流行病学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 新出现的证据将细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 空气污染与老年人痴呆风险增加联系在一起.
- 了解PM2.5的特定排放源对于制定有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
- 对于不同PM2.5来源对痴呆风险的相对贡献,人们知之甚少.
研究的目的:
- 研究长期暴露于总和特定来源的PM2.5与老年人痴呆发病率之间的关联.
- 确定哪些PM2.5排放源对认知能力下降的风险最大.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自健康和退休研究 (1998-2016) 的数据,这是美国50岁以上没有基线痴呆症的成年人全国代表性队列 (N=27,857).
- 估计使用时空和化学运输模型从9个排放源对总PM2.5和PM2.5的长期住宅暴露.
- 使用经过验证的算法评估事件痴呆症,并通过加权的Cox比例危险回归模型分析PM2.5度与PM2.5度的关联.
主要成果:
- 较高的PM2.5总度与痴呆率的增加有关 (HR,1.08每次IQR).
- 在单一污染物模型中,来自农业,交通,煤炭燃烧和野火的PM2.5显示与痴呆症有关.
- 在控制其他来源后,来自农业的PM2.5 (HR, 1.13) 和野火 (HR, 1.05) 仍然与更高的痴呆率有显著的关联.
结论:
- 高度的住宅PM2.5,特别是来自农业和野火来源,与痴呆症发病率的增加有关.
- 减少对PM2.5的暴露,特别是来自这些关键来源,可能是促进认知衰老的可行公共卫生战略.
- 需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现,并为干预策略提供信息.
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