加拿大的SARS-CoV-2血清流行的演变:时间序列研究,2020-2023年
Tanya J Murphy1, Hanna Swail1, Jaspreet Jain1
1COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Murphy, Swail, Jain, Evans, Oxlade, Mazer, Buckeridge), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Anderson, Behl), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Anderson), Population Health, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Awadalla), University of Toronto; Department of Computational Biology (Awadalla), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Centre for Global Health Research (Brown), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Charlton, Hinshaw, Tipples), Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Charlton, Tipples), and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital (Colwill, Gingras), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Drews); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (O'Brien, Pambrun, Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Molecular Genetics (Gingras, Skead), University of Toronto; Centre for Global Health Research (Jha), Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Public Health Laboratory (Kanji), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Foothills Medical Centre, and Section of Medical Microbiology (Kanji), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Ontario Health Study (Kirsh, Skead), Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Molecular Genetics (Kirsh, Skead), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kirsh), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Roy Romanow Provincial Lab (Lang), Saskatchewan Health Authority; College of Medicine (Lang), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Langlois), and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (Langlois), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases-Regina (Lee), University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Lee), Saskatoon, Sask.; Medical Affair and Innovation (Lewin), Héma-Québec, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Epidemiology and Community Medicine (O'Brien), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Pambrun), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics & Statistics (Stephens), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology (Stein, Van Caeseele), University of Manitoba, and Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Man.; School of Population and Global Health (Evans), McGill University; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Mazer, Buckeridge), Montréal, Que.
到2023年3月,76%的加拿大人患有感染的SARS-CoV-2抗体,在Omicron之后显著增加. 免疫力因年龄和地区而异,需要量身定制的公共卫生战略.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 加拿大的COVID-19病例最初低于6%,但随着Omicron变种的出现,病例激增,使免疫力评估复杂化.
- 到2021年秋天,疫苗的高覆盖率已经实现,但Omicron的影响使测试能力受到压力.
- 了解人口免疫趋势对于有效应对流行病至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计加拿大因感染和接种疫苗而导致的SARS-CoV-2血清流行趋势.
- 分析不同时间间隔和不同人口群体的血清流行率.
- 根据不断变化的人口免疫力来制定公共卫生政策.
主要方法:
- 用超过90万个样本的数据进行时间序列分析.
- 从与COVID-19免疫工作组 (CITF) 合作的7项研究中收集了数据.
- 血清发病率估计用于疫苗接种前,疫苗推出和Omicron变种时期,区域和年龄分类.
主要成果:
- 到2021年11月,9.0%的加拿大人有感染诱导的SARS-CoV-2抗体.
- 随着Omicron变种的到来,血清流行率迅速增加;到2023年3月15日,76%的人具有可检测的感染诱导抗体.
- 这种增长在全国范围内观察到,特别是在年轻年龄组和西部省份 (曼尼托巴,萨斯喀彻温,阿尔伯塔,不列颠哥伦比亚省).
结论:
- 大多数加拿大人在2023年3月之前通过感染和接种疫苗获得了SARS-CoV-2抗体.
- 人口免疫力因年龄和地理位置而有很大差异.
- 公共卫生政策必须局部化,以考虑到区域免疫模式,抗体水平下降和新兴变异.
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