短期饮食变化可能导致粘膜和全身免疫抑制
Francesco Siracusa1, Nicola Schaltenberg2,3, Yogesh Kumar2
1Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. f.siracusa@uke.de.
短期高脂肪饮食通过改变肠道微生物群和免疫细胞功能来削弱免疫系统. 这种免疫抑制增加了对感染的易感性,但食纤维可以恢复免疫健康.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 微生物学 微生物学
背景情况:
- 包括人类在内的万食动物往往更喜欢高脂肪,高能量食物,而不是植物性饮食,特别是在短时间内.
- 这种短期饮食模式对健康的影响仍然不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 研究短期饮食转向高能量食品的免疫后果.
- 确定对肠道微生物群,免疫细胞功能和感染易感性的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用的小鼠模型接受循环的"宴会饮食",模仿人类的社交饮食模式.
- 评估了粘膜相关淋巴组织 (MALT) 和全身免疫的变化.
- 对细菌感染 (Salmonella Typhimurium,Listeria monocytogenes) 的评估易感性和对模型抗原的免疫反应.
- 分析了CD4+ T细胞代谢,mTOR活性,以及微生物纤维代谢物的作用.
- 对人类志愿者进行了饮食干预研究.
主要成果:
- 短期的饮食转换损害了粘膜和全身免疫力,增加了感染易感性.
- 免疫抑郁与减少CD4+T细胞代谢适应性和由于纤维代谢物减少的mTOR活性受损有关.
- 重新引入食纤维恢复了T细胞代谢和免疫功能.
- 人类研究证实,短期饮食改变会影响CD4+T细胞的功能.
结论:
- 暂时的饮食变化显著影响免疫系统功能,为病原体入侵创造了一个窗口.
- 肠道微生物群和纤维代谢产物在维持免疫平衡中起着至关重要的作用.
- 饮食干预可以调节免疫反应,突显免疫系统的可塑性.
更多相关视频
08:33Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Analyses of Murine Intestinal Microbiota After Oral Antibiotic Treatment
Published on: November 17, 2018
08:58Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis
Published on: January 5, 2017
相关概念视频
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Humoral Immune Responses
Other Disorders of Digestive System
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
