公共卫生环境正义研究中的方法:从2018年到2021年的范围审查
Joan A Casey1,2, Misbath Daouda3, Ryan S Babadi4
1University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA. jacasey@uw.edu.
Current environmental health reports
|August 15, 2023
概括
公共卫生环境正义研究正在增长,但评估健康差异的方法需要改进. 本综述强调了共同的方法,并建议整合基于社区的研究和先进的统计方法,以获得更强大的发现.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 环境正义 (EJ) 的学术研究显著增加.
- 在暴露科学和流行病学中评估EJ的方法缺乏全面的目录.
- 本研究解决了了解当前EJ研究方法的需要.
研究的目的:
- 进行2018年至2021年间发表的EJ研究的范围审查.
- 要总结在欧洲日报研究中使用的研究类型,理论框架和统计方法.
- 确定公共卫生EJ研究的方法改进领域.
主要方法:
- 来自19个环境科学和流行病学期刊 (2018-2021) 的402篇文章的范围审查.
- 分析研究重点 (社会经济地位,种族/族裔),地理分布,并使用EJ框架.
- 暴露类型的分类 (空气污染,化学品) 和统计方法 (回归,效果修改).
主要成果:
- 大多数研究集中在社会经济地位或种族/种族,美国在研究量方面处于领先地位.
- 只有50%的研究明确提到一个EJ框架,只有10%的研究在各部分一致.
- 空气污染是最常见的区域级暴露,而化学品占主导地位的个人暴露.
- 主要效应回归在仅暴露分析中很常见,在流行病学研究中效应修改是常见的.
结论:
- 通过结合跨学科专业知识 (例如社会学),可以加强目前的EJ研究方法.
- 需要更多的基于社区的参与式研究和干预研究在欧洲日报.
- 建议采用更严格的,基于理论的,以解决方案为导向的统计方法来推动这一领域的发展.
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