独自生活,环境危险和美国人中的落 年长的成年人
1Department of Sociology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
Innovation in aging
|August 16, 2023
概括
邻里和家庭中的环境危害增加了老年人,特别是那些独自生活的人的跌倒风险. 这凸显了在防摔策略中需要进行室内和室外风险因素评估的必要性.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 物理生活环境显著影响老年人中跌倒的发生率.
- 之前的研究经常孤立地检查家庭或邻居因素,限制了对环境风险的全面理解.
- 年长的成年人面临的风险来自他们的直接家庭环境和更广泛的邻里条件.
研究的目的:
- 调查邻居和家庭环境对随时间推移的跌倒发生率的综合影响.
- 为了确定生活方式是否会改变环境风险与老年人摔倒之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自健康和退休研究 (HRS) 波2012-2020 (N=1,893) 的数据.
- 采用后勤回归来分析8年期间的跌倒发生率.
- 使用训练有素的观察员数据评估户外危险 (人行道质量,邻里混乱,绿色空间) 和室内危险 (房屋腐烂,楼梯维护).
- 按生活安排进行分层分析.
主要成果:
- 邻居和住房环境独立地与跌倒的可能性增加有关,即使考虑到人口统计和健康因素.
- 具体风险包括绿色空间 (OR=2.10) 和维护不良的楼梯 (OR=2.65),这两种风险都与更高的跌倒率有关 (p < .05).
- 这些环境风险因素仅在单独生活的老年人中显著影响了跌倒的几率;对于与他人生活的人来说,它们并不显著.
结论:
- 老年人的跌倒是由于室内和室外环境因素的复杂相互作用造成的.
- 独自生活的老年人对环境危害的脆弱性增加,需要有针对性的干预措施.
- 进一步的研究至关重要,以阐明这种增加的脆弱性背后的机制,并为这一群体制定有效的防摔策略.
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