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相关概念视频

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Exon Recombination02:32

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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相关实验视频

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Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
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基于SMC的免疫力对染色体外DNA元素的免疫力

Hon Wing Liu1, Florian Roisné-Hamelin1, Stephan Gruber1

  • 1Department of Fundamental Microbiology (DMF), Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Biochemical Society transactions
|August 16, 2023
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

染色体结构维护 (SMC) 综合体维持基因组完整性,并对外来DNA进行防御. 本综述探讨了SMC类系统如何实现DNA维护和免疫的双重作用.

关键词:
拉德50 Rad50 拉德50 拉德50是什么意思在SMC的综合体中,染色体折叠的发生防御系统的防御系统.基因组维护是基因组的维护.

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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学

背景情况:

  • 染色体结构维护 (SMC) 和类似于SMC的复合体对于染色体折叠和基因组维护在所有生命领域都至关重要.
  • 这些复合体最近被确定为细胞免疫力对外来DNA的关键参与者,作为防御系统.
  • 例如,Wadjet和Lamassu在细菌/古生物中 (抗等离子体/菌体),以及Smc5/6和Rad50在人类中 (抗病毒).

研究的目的:

  • 为了解决SMC复合物的悖论,同时保持染色体DNA和限制外来DNA.
  • 审查对细胞免疫中SMC (类似) 复合物的最新理解.
  • 推测SMC ((类似) 函数如何解释线性和圆形外来DNA的识别.

主要方法:

  • 关于SMC复合体在基因组维护和免疫方面的最新研究的文献综述.
  • 细菌,考古和人类SMC系统的比较分析.
  • 关于这些复合体对DNA识别的基本功能原理的理论讨论.

主要成果:

  • 类似的SMC复合体在防御各种外来DNA元素 (包括等离子体,菌体和病毒) 方面发挥着不同的作用.
  • SMC ((-like) 复合体的保存性表明了DNA相互作用和歧视的基本机制.
  • 投机模型提出了SMC ((类似) 复合体的生物物理特性如何使不同DNA拓的识别成为可能.

结论:

  • 类似的SMC复合体具有维持基因组稳定性和对外来DNA执行天生的免疫反应的双重能力.
  • 了解SMC (类似) 系统对外来DNA识别的机制基础对于理解细胞防御策略至关重要.
  • 对这些复合物的结构功能关系的进一步研究可能会揭示传染病的新型治疗点.