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通过使用高分辨率的卫星观测反转,对燃料利用产生的甲排放量进行国家量化

Lu Shen¹, Daniel J Jacob², Ritesh Gautam³

¹Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China. lshen@pku.edu.cn.

Nature communications

|August 16, 2023

概括

卫星数据显示,石油和天然气产生的全球甲排放量比报告高出30%. 减少化石燃料利用造成的这些排放对于气候政策至关重要,需要解决主要排放国报告不足的问题.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
大气化学大气化学
气候政策气候政策

背景情况:

来自化石燃料开采的甲排放是气候变化的一个关键驱动因素.
目前的甲 (CH4) 国家排放库存高度不确定.
准确的量化对于有效的气候政策和减缓战略至关重要.

研究的目的:

使用卫星数据量化石油,天然气和煤炭开采产生的全球甲排放量.
将卫星产生的排放量与联合国气候变化框架公约 (UNFCCC) 报告进行比较.
确定报告不足和排放强度高的国家.

主要方法:

利用了22个月的TROPOMI卫星观测 (2018年5月 - 2020年2月).
采用50公里分辨率的反向分析来估计国家甲排放.
计算全球和国家特定的排放率和强度.

主要成果:

来自石油气的全球甲排放量估计为62.7 ± 11.5 Tg a-1和来自煤炭的32.7 ± 5.2 Tg a-1.
油气排放量比联合国气候变化框架公约报告的高出30%,美国,俄罗斯,委内瑞拉和土库曼斯坦报告不足.
八个国家的石油气甲排放强度超过5%,其中委内瑞拉,伊拉克和安哥拉的排放强度为20%.

结论:

卫星逆向分析可以更准确地评估化石燃料产生的甲排放.
主要排放国报告不足显著膨胀了全球排放估计.
针对高强度排放者可以大幅减少石油天然气行业的全球甲排放.

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