人类mtDNA复制数和异质体的核遗传控制
Rahul Gupta1,2,3, Masahiro Kanai4,5, Timothy J Durham6,4
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. rahul_gupta@hms.harvard.edu.
Nature
|August 16, 2023
概括
核基因组变异影响线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 拷贝数和异质体. 这项研究揭示了对mtDNA丰富性和遗传性的遗传控制,影响了人类的健康和衰老.
科学领域:
- 遗传学
- 分子生物学
- 人类生理学
背景情况:
- 线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 对于细胞能量产生至关重要,并且是母体遗传的.
- 不同基因DNA变异的共存与衰老和疾病有关,但其遗传基础尚不清楚.
- 核基因组对mtDNA变异的影响需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类线粒体DNA异质体的常见变异机制.
- 探索核基因组对线粒体DNA复制数 (mtCN) 和异质体的影响.
- 识别与mtDNA变异和动态相关的核位置.
主要方法:
- 从274832个个体的全基因组序列中量化mtDNA复制数和异质体.
- 全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 以确定与mtDNA变异相关的核位点.
- 对血液细胞组成进行校正,以分析与年龄相关的mtCN变化.
主要成果:
- 随着年龄的增长,mtDNA复制数 (mtCN) 线性下降,并与92个核位点相关.
- 几乎所有个体都携带异质 mtDNA 变异,体质单核酸变异在 70 岁以后累积起来.
- 母性遗传的异质体内基因显示与42个参与mtDNA复制和维护的核位点相关的等位基因特异水平.
- 一种特定的mtDNA长度变异 (chrM:302) 显示了对mtDNA丰度的cis作用控制和与核调节基因的trans作用关联.
结论:
- 核基因组中的常见变异显著影响mtDNA复制数和异质体动态的变异.
- 核基因影响mtDNA复制和维护,可能为某些mtDNA等位基因提供选择性优势.
- 这些发现为线粒体变异的遗传结构及其对人类健康和衰老的影响提供了洞察力.
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