历史上的邻里红线和当代的环境种族主义
Issam Motairek1, Zhuo Chen1, Mohamed H E Makhlouf1
1Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
Local environment
|August 17, 2023
概括
历史性的红线划定,是一种歧视性住房做法,与持续的环境不公正有关. 较低级别的社区 (C和D) 与较高级别的地区相比,继续面临更高的污染和环境危害.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 城市规划 城市规划
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 房屋所有者贷款公司 (HOLC) 在大条期间创建了彩色编码的地图,以评估住房贷款风险.
- 这些HOLC地图,主要基于种族隔离,指定了A (最低风险) 到D (最高风险) 的社区,红线区域代表最高风险.
- 历史上的红线实践与持续的社会经济差距有关.
研究的目的:
- 调查历史红线与美国当代环境差异之间的联系.
- 为了量化近几十年来HOLC等级社区之间的环境暴露差异.
主要方法:
- 包括空气污染物 (PM2.5,NO2),植被,噪音和夜间光线在内的环境暴露被描述.
- 评估了接近危险排放源和其他环境/社会指标的情况.
- 收集了HOLC等级社区的数据,并推断了美国各城市的人口普查地带.
主要成果:
- 较低HOLC等级 (C和D) 的社区对不利的环境因素的暴露率始终较高.
- 从1981年到2019年,在较低级别的社区和较高级别的社区之间,暴露于PM2.5和NO2的显著差异仍然存在.
- 在研究期间,低级社区和高级社区之间的环境差距没有显著改善.
结论:
- 历史性的红线划定,一种植根于种族歧视的做法,与持久的环境不公正有关.
- 过去的歧视性住房政策继续塑造当今的环境不平等.
- 这些发现凸显了红线对环境健康差异的长期影响.
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