什么时候人们更喜欢统治者,而不是有声望的政治领袖?
Ángel V Jiménez1,2, Adam Flitton1, Alex Mesoudi1
1Human Behaviour and Cultural Evolution Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Evolutionary human sciences
|August 17, 2023
概括
统治 - 威望框架可能不能完全解释右翼民粹主义领导人. 政治意识形态,而不是经济不确定性,更好地预测领导者偏好,这表明其他因素,如情感上的吸引力是关键.
科学领域:
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 进化心理学 进化心理学
背景情况:
- 右翼民粹主义领导人的起往往是使用进化统治-威望框架来解释的.
- 统治意味着通过强迫来排名,而威望则意味着通过能力来排名.
- 以前的研究将民粹主义领导人与统治联系起来,并在经济不确定性期间支持他们.
研究的目的:
- 探索和批评对政治领导的统治-声望框架的应用.
- 检查经济不确定性,群体间冲突和政治意识形态对领导者偏好的影响.
- 调查推动支持像唐纳德·特朗普这样的领导人的因素.
主要方法:
- 批判性地分析了主导地位-声望框架对大规模民主制度的适用性.
- 研究了经济不确定性,群体间冲突和政治意识形态对领导者偏好的预测能力.
- 根据感知者的政治意识形态,检查了对领导人作为主导或有声望的看法.
主要成果:
- 由于匿名互动和复杂的群体动态,主导地位-声望框架的扩展到大规模政治是有问题的.
- 经济不确定性和群体间冲突预测了对主导和有声望的领导人的偏好.
- 对领导者的统治/威望的看法是主观的,受感知者的政治意识形态的影响.
- 政治意识形态是2016年美国大选中偏好的一个比经济不确定性更强的预测因素.
结论:
- 统治-威望框架可能是对理解现代民主国家的民粹主义领导的过度简化.
- 政治意识形态显著塑造了对领导人的看法,可能会超过经济问题.
- 除了经济不确定性之外的因素,例如领导者话语中的情感吸引力,可能更好地解释了右翼民粹主义者的成功.
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