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马基雅维利主义的战略家还是文化学习者? 在资源共享游戏中,将思维和学习置于发展之上
Adam Baimel1, Myriam Juda2,3, Susan Birch4
1Department of Psychology, Health and Professional Development, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
Evolutionary human sciences
|August 17, 2023
概括
儿童优先考虑文化学习而不是战略社会操纵,偏爱文化大脑/智力假设. 这项发展研究揭示了人类认知进化和社会学习策略的洞察力.
科学领域:
- 进化心理学 进化心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 人类进化的特点是认知和合作的快速变化.
- 两个著名的理论,马基雅维利式智力假说和文化大脑/智力假说,试图解释这些变化.
- 了解这些认知能力的发展轨迹对于评估这些理论至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 实验性地比较马基雅维利式智力假说和文化大脑/智力假说的解释力.
- 调查儿童对社会学习的依赖与战略互动的依赖.
- 确定精神化和一般认知能力在社会学习中的作用.
主要方法:
- 这是一项受控实验,涉及3至7岁的儿童观察一种新的社会互动.
- 评估儿童在文化学习 (复制) 和战略性回报最大化之间的后续行为选择.
- 分析认知能力 (思维,一般认知) 与行为策略之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 儿童主要通过复制观察到的行为来参与文化学习,即使战略互动提供了更高的回报.
- 在重复的互动中,对复制的依赖仍然存在.
- 优越的思维能力与更有选择性的文化学习相关,而一般的认知能力与模仿无关的行为相关.
结论:
- 发展证据支持文化大脑/智力假说,而不是马基雅维利主义的智力假说.
- 儿童早期的社会学习策略优先考虑模仿,这表明文化传播有很强的基础.
- 在这种情况下,无论是思维化还是一般认知技能都不能完全解释为个人利益战略性地利用社会信息的能力.
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