上帝对道德的看法
Rita Anne McNamara1, Rebekah Senanayake1, Aiyana K Willard2
1Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Evolutionary human sciences
|August 17, 2023
概括
认知研究通常假定西方的思维模式,但斐济原住民使用不同的模式. 引入基督教影响了他们对神审判的信仰,显示了文化和认知共同进化.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 人类学是人类学.
- 宗教心理学的宗教心理学
背景情况:
- 大多数关于宗教认知的研究都假定一种普遍的西方心智模型,强调心理状态推断.
- 这种假设受到证据的挑战,这些证据表明文化对心灵的理解有多样化.
- 原住民iTaukei斐济人拥有独特的思维模式,不重视心理状态推断.
研究的目的:
- 调查西方和土著的思维模式如何与iTaukei斐济人的宗教信仰相互作用.
- 检查基督教信仰对道德推理和神圣审判期望的影响.
- 探索文化和认知的共同进化,以应对引入的宗教形式.
主要方法:
- 研究1使用自由列表 (N=108) 来比较与宗教信仰相关的西方和当地心态模型.
- 第二项研究测试了祈祷上帝是否影响了道德推理,比较了iTaukei (N=151) 和北美人 (N=561).
- 进一步的分析检查了iTaukei (N=90),印度-斐济人 (N=219) 和北美人 (N=412) 的神圣判断期望 (结果与意图),包括专注于思想的影响 (iTaukei N=72).
主要成果:
- 基督教的上帝概念与西方模式相一致,专注于内部状态.
- 唤起上帝并没有触发意图的关注,而是加强了文化模式的思维.
- 斐济人希望上帝在审判中强调结果,与印度-斐济人和北美人不同,他们专注于意图.
结论:
- 宗教信仰可以适应并加强现有的文化思维模式.
- 引入的文化形式可以引入新的认知方法.
- 原住民的信仰可以持续存在并反映当地机构,证明文化认知共同进化.
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