进化观点中的文化灭绝
1Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, UK.
Evolutionary human sciences
|August 17, 2023
概括
文化多样性正在迅速下降,90%的语言在本世纪面临灭绝的风险. 这项研究提出了一个框架来分析文化灭绝,与生物灭绝不同.
科学领域:
- 进化人类学 进化人类学
- 文化进化研究 文化进化研究
- 社会语言学 社会语言学
背景情况:
- 文化多样性正在以惊人的速度减少,对全球遗产产生重大影响.
- 大规模的文化灭绝事件与农业和殖民化等重大社会转变有关.
- 预计的语言灭绝率凸显了理解文化损失的紧迫性.
研究的目的:
- 提出一个分析框架来研究文化灭绝现象.
- 将文化灭绝与生物灭绝区分开来,强调社会和行为方面.
- 探索进化方法来研究文化多样性丧失和出现的动态.
主要方法:
- 利用长期 (千年) 文化特征和机构灭绝分析的遗传学比较框架,结合考古学数据.
- 采用行为生态框架进行短期 (几十年/几个世纪) 的文化灭绝研究,重点关注健康后果和人口动态.
- 审查最近关于文化灭绝过程的进化研究.
主要成果:
- 文化灭绝涉及社会实体的解体和文化特异性行为的停止,不一定是遗传灭绝.
- 依赖于频率的成本和收益被确定为文化多样性的起源和丧失的关键因素.
- 进化框架为分析不同时间尺度的文化灭绝动态提供了强大的方法.
结论:
- 拟议的分析框架提供了一个强大的方法来研究文化灭绝在各种时间尺度.
- 了解进化驱动因素,包括频率依赖的选择,对于应对文化多样性丧失至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该继续探索进化观点,以更好地理解和潜在地减轻文化灭绝.
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