道德的演变和承诺的作用
Aslihan Akdeniz1,2, Matthijs van Veelen1,2
1University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 11, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Evolutionary human sciences
|August 17, 2023
概括
人类道德是从连续游戏中的承诺策略进化而来的,而不是标准的游戏理论平衡. 这就解释了我们的
科学领域:
- 进化游戏理论的演化游戏理论.
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 道德心理学道德心理学
背景情况:
- 现有的关于人类合作的研究往往侧重于为什么人类在同步游戏中偏离纳什平衡 (例如,囚犯困境).
- 这种观点可能不能完全捕捉到人类亲社会行为和道德情绪的复杂性.
- 序列游戏,如最后通和信任游戏,为理解进化的人类行为提供了更相关的框架.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查为什么人类在连续游戏中不玩完美的纳什平衡的子游戏.
- 提出连续游戏中的承诺机制更好地解释了人类的道德和行为.
- 区分人类道德的进化驱动因素与其他物种的进化驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 游戏理论模型的理论分析,特别是连续游戏 (最后通和信任游戏).
- 检查"理性非理性"行为作为承诺策略的产物.
- 对人类和动物道德情绪的进化压力的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 顺序游戏中从子游戏完美纳什平衡的偏差是由进化的承诺机制解释的.
- 这种"理性非理性"的行为与观察到的人类特质如诚实,责任,愤怒和报复性相吻合.
- 承诺不需要重复的相互作用或特定的人口结构,提供了普遍的进化解释.
结论:
- 道德的进化功能是促进对其他非理性行为的承诺.
- 这一框架解释了人类道德情绪的演变,使其与其他动物的道德情绪有所区别.
- 罗伯特·弗兰克关于承诺和情感的工作提供了一个基本的,但未被充分利用的道德进化观点.
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