环境如何促进活跃老龄化:来自加拿大北克两个城市的案例研究的结果
Anne-Lou McNeil-Gauthier1,2, David-Martin Milot1,2, Mélanie Levasseur3,4
1Direction Régionale de Santé Publique de La Montérégie, CISSS of Montérégie Centre, Longueuil, QC, Canada.
概括
适合老年人的环境通过促进近距离和横向性来促进积极老龄化. 这些策略增强了老年人的健康,社会参与和公平.
科学领域:
- 老年学与公共卫生
- 环境老年学 环境老年学
- 衰老的社会学 衰老的社会学
背景情况:
- 全球老龄化需要从以疾病为中心的护理转向促进活跃老龄化,强调健康,参与和安全.
- 了解老年友好环境支持活跃老龄化的机制至关重要,但仍未得到充分探索.
- 这项研究解决了确定环境因素如何影响老年人群的积极健康,社会参与和健康平等的需要.
研究的目的:
- 探索环境促进活跃衰老的机制和背景.
- 具体研究环境如何促进老年人的积极健康,社会参与和健康公平.
主要方法:
- 采用了现实主义的方法,利用两个北克市政府的案例研究,这些城市被认为是促进活跃老龄化.
- 数据收集涉及与不同利益相关者 (老年人,专业人士,社区参与者,官员) 组成的半结构化焦点小组,日志,问卷和政策文件分析.
- 进行了主题内容分析,使用一个概念框架来解释研究结果.
主要成果:
- 这两个被研究的市镇都是中等规模的,收入和教育水平高于平均水平,并支持积极老龄化政策.
- 环境通过"近距离" (可访问的建筑,社会,服务和组织方面) 和"横向性" (通用设计,代际空间和综合政策) 促进积极老龄化.
- 主要主题强调了当地资源,社会网络和响应式组织结构在支持老年人需求方面的重要性.
结论:
- 有效促进活跃老龄化依赖于对老年友好的环境,优先考虑接近和横向性.
- 干预措施应同时解决多个环境维度 (建筑,社会,政治/组织) 以最大限度地发挥影响.
- 促进各种环境因素的综合方法对于提高老龄化人口的健康,参与和公平至关重要.
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