营养干预对地中海饮食的影响 消防员遵守地中海饮食:一个集群随机临床试验
Maria Soledad Hershey1, Chia-Rui Chang2, Mercedes Sotos-Prieto1,3,4,5
1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA network open
|August 17, 2023
概括
美国消防员通过12个月的干预改善了他们遵守地中海饮食的情况. 这种健康饮食方法显示了显著的饮食改善,支持在这个高危人群中预防慢性疾病.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 美国消防员面临着肥胖,心血管疾病和癌症等慢性疾病的高风险.
- 健康的饮食模式,如地中海饮食,可以减轻这些健康风险.
研究的目的:
- 评估地中海营养干预措施对美国职业消防员的影响.
- 该干预利用了一种行为和环境方法,针对个人,消防站和家庭环境.
主要方法:
- 一个为期12个月的集群随机临床试验,涉及来自印第安纳州两个消防部门的消防员.
- 干预组获得超市折扣,营养教育和支持;对照组获得通常的护理.
- 使用修改的地中海饮食得分来测量饮食坚持;心脏代谢参数是次要结果.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,地中海饮食干预组在6个月 (+2.01分) 和12个月 (+2.67分) 的修改地中海饮食得分显著增加.
- 干预涉及485名消防员,其中241人在干预部门,244人在控制部门.
- 在1年的随访期间,没有观察到心脏代谢风险因素的统计学意义上的变化.
结论:
- 一个多组分的地中海营养干预有效地提高了职业消防员的饮食坚持.
- 行为和环境策略可以在职业环境中促进更健康的饮食习惯.
- 进一步的研究可能会探索对心脏代谢健康的长期影响.
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