日本心血管疾病流行病学:一项综述性研究
Tetsuya Ohira1, Eri Eguchi1, Fumikazu Hayashi1
1Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Journal of cardiology
|August 17, 2023
概括
心脏病和中风等心血管疾病 (CVD) 对日本人的预期寿命和成本产生影响. 虽然中风死亡率下降,但心力衰竭发病率正在上升,需要更好的心血管疾病发病率跟踪和干预措施.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD),包括心脏病和中风,显著影响日本的预期寿命,健康预期寿命和医疗保健成本.
- 根据日本国家促进对抗脑血管疾病和心血管疾病措施计划的指导,国家和县政府已采取措施打击心血管疾病.
- 虽然由于人口老龄化,心脏病的原始死亡率正在上升,但经年龄调整后的死亡率已经稳定或下降,从急性心肌梗塞转向心力衰竭.
研究的目的:
- 分析日本各县心血管疾病 (CVD) 发病率和死亡率的趋势.
- 为了强调心力衰竭对整体心脏病发病率的影响日益增加.
- 强调需要改进心血管疾病发病率登记计划,特别是心力衰竭和心肌梗塞.
主要方法:
- 对心脏病和中风的原始和年龄调整的死亡率的分析.
- 检查急性心肌梗塞与心力衰竭比例的趋势.
- 在各县评估急性心肌梗塞和中风亚型的年龄调整发病率.
主要成果:
- 原始心脏病死亡率正在上升,而年龄调整后的死亡率稳定或下降;心力衰竭比例正在上升.
- 脑卒中和年龄调整后的死亡率呈现下降趋势.
- 根据年龄调整的急性心肌梗塞发病率因地区而异,而中风发病率整体下降,人们担心像脑栓塞这样的特定亚型.
结论:
- 尽管中风死亡率下降,但心力衰竭的发病率上升和急性心肌梗塞的区域差异需要加强心血管疾病监测.
- 准确的,县级的心力衰竭和心肌梗塞发病率数据对于制定有效的对策至关重要.
- 学术协会和县之间的合作对于实施强有力的注册计划和针对心血管疾病的有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
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