与童年城市化相关的环境因素对大脑结构和认知的影响
Xiao Zhang1,2, Hao Yan3,4, Hao Yu5
1Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, 51 Huayuanbei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. zhangx@bjmu.edu.cn.
BMC psychiatry
|August 17, 2023
概括
在城市环境中成长有利于大脑结构和认知,特别是在特定地区的灰质体积 (GMV). 然而,它也表现出一些缺点,影响其他大脑区域.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 城市研究 城市研究
背景情况:
- 城市化是影响人类发展的重要全球趋势.
- 儿童时期的环境在塑造大脑结构和认知功能方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 了解早期生活环境的影响对于公共卫生和发展研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究童年城市化对成年人大脑结构和认知功能的影响.
- 为了确定受早期城市环境影响的特定大脑区域.
- 探索大脑结构在城市化与认知之间的关系中扮演的调解角色.
主要方法:
- 研究包括490名成年汉族中国人参与者,他们有不同的城市和农村童年.
- 评估了特定大脑区域的灰质体积 (GMV).
- 认知功能得到了评估.
- 进行回归和调解分析来检查关系.
主要成果:
- 早期的城市环境与总灰质体积 (GMV),背侧前额皮质 (DLPFC) GMV和极 (TP) GMV以及认知功能正相关.
- 城市童年与中部前额皮层 (MPFC) GMV.负相关.
- 母亲教育是总和DLPFCGMV的保护因素;有兄弟姐妹受益于MPFCGMV.
- 总体,DLPFC和TPGMV调解了童年城市化对认知领域的影响.
结论:
- 儿童时期的城市化对成人大脑结构和认知功能有有益和有害的影响.
- 诸如母亲教育和兄弟姐妹等因素可以影响与城市化有关的大脑发育.
- 大脑结构调解了早期城市环境和认知结果之间的联系,突出了环境影响的复杂性.
相关概念视频
Biological Influences on Intelligence
144
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
144
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
131
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
131
Environmental Influences on Intelligence
342
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
342
Information Processing Approach
76
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
76
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
63
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
63
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia
103
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
103


