吉斯塔尔特理论在20世纪历史上的作用
1Division of Neurobiology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Journal of vision
|August 18, 2023
概括
吉斯塔尔特理论面临着政治滥用,特别是纳粹政权的滥用,在马克思主义教条下被拒绝. 然而,基本的吉斯塔尔特原则与当代研究一致.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 科学哲学的哲学科学哲学
- 科学的历史科学的历史.
背景情况:
- 吉斯塔尔特理论起源于19世纪后期,在整个20世纪经历了重大的政治纠.
- 这个理论被纳粹政权争议地为民族主义和军国主义议程所采用.
- 相反,在某些政治体系中占主导地位的辩证唯物主义,由于被认为是主观主义,拒绝了 Gestalt 理论.
研究的目的:
- 分析格斯塔尔特理论的历史政治挪用和拒绝.
- 通过仔细的文本分析,重新评估 Gestalt 理论的原始原则.
- 评估基本的Gestalt概念与当前研究的兼容性.
主要方法:
- 格斯塔尔特理论与政治意识形态的接触的历史分析.
- 密切阅读开创性的作品,包括沃特海默的1912年论文和科勒的1920年书.
- 历史格斯塔尔特原理与当代格斯塔尔特研究发现的比较.
主要成果:
- 吉斯塔尔特理论被扭曲以支持纳粹意识形态,包括种族理论和扩张主义.
- 该理论被认为与马克思主义的辩证唯物主义不相容,导致其被压制.
- 详细的检查表明,Gestalt创始人的核心思想与现代的Gestalt研究是一致的.
结论:
- 吉斯塔尔特理论的历史轨迹表明它易受政治操纵和意识形态冲突的影响.
- 尽管有历史的逆境,格斯塔尔特理论的基本原则仍然是相关的,科学上是合理的.
- 当代研究证实了早期格斯塔尔特先驱的持久见解.
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