从有效性测试中对恶意攻击进行法医预测中的统计和方法问题进行审查:第二部分 - 方法问题
1The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Dr, Box 200, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA. cleonhard@thechicagoschool.edu.
Neuropsychology review
|August 18, 2023
概括
法医神经心理测试对于模仿检测至关重要,但在方法上往往有缺陷. 研究经常混模拟和法医研究,夸大准确性,并显示高偏差,影响患者诊断.
科学领域:
- 法医心理学 法医心理学
- 神经心理学 神经心理学
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
背景情况:
- 法医神经心理学评估对于检测认知,身体和心理障碍的个体的伪装至关重要.
- 成千上万的研究集中在验证大约50种不同的测试以检测模仿.
研究的目的:
- 本综述 (第二部分) 探讨了使用有效性测试对模仿行为进行法医预测的方法问题.
- 它讨论了模拟和法医研究之间的区别,排除边界病例的影响以及验证研究类型.
主要方法:
- 概念分析,统计模拟和重新分析先前的有效性测试验证研究.
- 应用 QUADAS-2 工具来评估 Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) 验证研究中的偏差.
主要成果:
- 模拟研究往往被误认为是法医验证研究;构造验证研究被呈现为标准引用.
- 当将边界病例纳入时,分类准确性明显低于报告的水平.
- 所有审查的TOMM验证研究都显示出高偏差风险.
结论:
- 在法医模仿检测研究中,需要严格的方法.
- 建议在验证研究中采用生物医学诊断指南.
- 未来的研究需要可靠的方法来确定考生模仿状态.
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