控制线粒体完整性影响在生殖衰老期间的卵细胞质量
Shaihla A Khan1,2, Laura Reed1, William B Schoolcraft1
1Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, CO, USA.
Molecular human reproduction
|August 18, 2023
概括
老化卵细胞中的线粒体功能障碍会降低卵子质量. 这项研究发现老鼠和人类卵子细胞中菌蛋白减少,但抗氧化剂线粒 (MQ) 恢复了水平并改善了发育潜力.
科学领域:
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
- 线粒体生物学 线粒体生物学
- 细胞衰老 细胞衰老
背景情况:
- 卵细胞质量随着先进的孕产妇年龄 (AMA) 的下降,与线粒体功能障碍有关.
- 控制老化卵细胞中线粒体质量的机制尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 在老鼠和人类卵细胞中研究控制母体衰老期间线粒体质量的机制.
- 检查线粒体未折叠蛋白反应 (UPRmt) 和线粒体的作用.
- 评估线粒 (MQ) 的治疗潜力.
主要方法:
- 在年轻和老老的小鼠卵细胞中评估了UPRmt和髓性蛋白质表达.
- 在体外成熟过程中用线粒激素 (MQ) 治疗老化的卵细胞.
- 在高氧条件下氧化应激的年轻卵细胞,并用MQ处理.
- 评估卵细胞发育潜力 (胚胎细胞发育,化).
- 从年轻和AMA妇女的人类卵细胞中比较蛋白质表达.
主要成果:
- 老鼠卵细胞显示HSPD1,LONP1,总PRKN和化PRKN的减少.
- 在老化的卵细胞中,MQ治疗恢复了PRKN水平和线粒细胞衰变标志物.
- 年轻卵细胞的氧化应激模仿了老化的卵细胞表型 (减少PRKN,增加mtDNA).
- 在受压力的卵细胞中,MQ治疗恢复了PRKN,mtDNA水平,并改善了发育潜力.
- 与年轻卵子细胞相比,人类AMA卵子细胞显示PRKN水平降低.
结论:
- 孕产妇的衰老会通过卵细胞中的UPRmt和线粒细胞衰变通路损害线粒体质量控制.
- 功能失调的线粒体积聚在老化的卵细胞中,降低了质量和发育潜力.
- 米托基 (MQ) 显示出有可能恢复线粒体健康并改善衰老中的卵细胞质量.
相关概念视频
Oogenesis
63.8K
In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
63.8K
Mitochondria
13.8K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
13.8K
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
57.1K
Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
57.1K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
7.6K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.6K
Mitochondrial Membranes
11.6K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
11.6K
Meiosis I
40.8K
Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
40.8K


