复杂的有机物降解由二次消费者在基于chemolithoautotrophy的地下地热生态系统中的复杂有机物降解
Raegan Paul1, Timothy J Rogers1, Kate M Fullerton1
1Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.
PloS one
|August 18, 2023
概括
地热泉中的微生物群落主要消耗蛋白质而不是复杂糖,依靠死微生物生物质获取营养. 酶活性表明有机物降解的多样性,支持不同地质区域的异质生命.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 地质化学 地质化学
- 生物地质化学生物地质化学
背景情况:
- 陆地地热系统的宿主是具有已知的代谢功能的化学物质和自营物.
- 微生物有机物在支持这些环境中的异质群体中的作用尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究地热泉中的细胞外酶 (酶和碳水化合物活性酶 - - CAZymes) 的丰富性和活性.
- 确定支持异质微生物群落的有机物的主要来源.
主要方法:
- 在不同地质地区 (中美洲,安第斯山脉,冰岛) 收集和分析63个地热泉.
- 化酶和CAZyme家族的量化和比较,重点关注那些降解酸甘和其他有机化合物.
- 酶活性测定用于确认已识别的酶在现场的功能.
主要成果:
- 地热泉微生物群落比CAZymes拥有显著更多的酶,这表明他们更喜欢利用蛋白质.
- 丰富的酶和CAZymes向丁糖,这表明它们依赖于本土的死微生物生物质.
- 降解菌和藻类化合物的酶存在,但不那么丰富,与火山活动和地点类型相关的变化.
结论:
- 地热泉 (<80°C) 中的化学和自otrophic 生产支持多样化的异otrophic 社区,降解广泛的有机化合物.
- 依赖于死微生物生物质是不同地质省份的共同策略,尽管微生物社区组成的差异很大.
- 高温环境 (>80°C) 显示碳降解酶的多样性较小,可能限制二次消费者种群.
更多相关视频
00:13Using Flexible Gold-Titanium Reaction Cells to Simulate Pressure-Dependent Microbial Activity in the Context of Subsurface Biomining
Published on: October 5, 2019
6.7K
07:56Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Mysteries of Terrestrial Anaerobic Microorganisms in Uncharted Environments by In Situ Culturing
Published on: January 12, 2024
954
相关概念视频
Microbial Nutrition
70
Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
70
Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs
40
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
40
Carbon-dioxide Fixation
37
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
37
Bioremediation
18.9K
Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
18.9K
Hyperthermophilic Bacteria
36
Domain Bacteria includes some unique hyperthermophilic species. They exhibit remarkable adaptations that enable survival in extreme environments.Thermotoga species are rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating hyperthermophiles that form a sheath-like envelope called a toga. They ferment sugars or starch, producing lactate, acetate, CO₂, and H₂, and can also grow via anaerobic respiration using H₂ and ferric iron. Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, over 20% of their...
36
Diversity of Archaea III
32
Crenarchaeota, a prominent phylum of Archaea, is remarkable for its ability to thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and acidity. These microorganisms inhabit sulfuric hot springs, volcanic systems, and submarine hydrothermal vents, where temperatures often exceed 100°C. The unique adaptations of Crenarchaeota not only allow survival under such extreme conditions but also provide insights into the mechanisms of life in primordial Earth-like...
32
