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在美国小学儿童中,ADHD诊断和治疗的社会人口差异

Paul L Morgan¹, Eric Hengyu Hu¹

¹Department of Education Policy Studies, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA, United States; Population Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States.

Psychiatry research

|August 18, 2023

概括

在诊断和治疗小学生注意力缺陷/多动症 (ADHD) 时存在种族和性别差异. 即使控制了其他因素,这些差异仍然存在,这凸显了对文化敏感护理的需求.

科学领域:

儿科健康儿科健康
神经发育障碍神经发育障碍
健康差异在健康上的差异

背景情况:

注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 是儿童常见的一种神经发育障碍.
现有的研究表明,在ADHD诊断和治疗方面存在潜在的差异,但基于人口的综合分析是有限的.
了解对ADHD护理的社会人口学影响对于公平的医疗保健服务至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查美国小学生在ADHD诊断和治疗方面的差异.
确定特定的社会人口群体,他们面临诊断不足和治疗不足的风险.
为了确定是否测量的ADHD症状和损伤解释了这些观察到的差异.

主要方法:

对10920名美国小学生的基于人口的队列进行分析.
预测ADHD诊断和处方药的使用,使用广泛的变量,包括种族,种族,性别,社会经济地位和学术/行为功能.
根据生物性别对分析进行分层,以探索特定性别的模式.

主要成果:

与白人儿童,男孩和英语家庭相比,黑人儿童,女孩和新兴双语者接受多动症诊断的可能性明显低.
黑人儿童的低诊断主要在男孩中观察到,而新兴的双语儿童无论性别如何都经历了低诊断.
被诊断为ADHD的女孩和新兴双语者不太可能接受处方药治疗.

结论:

在美国小学儿童中,在ADHD诊断和治疗方面存在显著的社会人口差异.
这些差异并不能通过ADHD症状或损伤的差异来解释.
这些发现强调了儿童多动症治疗中对文化和语言敏感的诊断和治疗方法的关键需求.

关键词:

注意力缺陷/多动症障碍注意力缺陷/多动症欧盟联盟-K:2011年小学小学是一所小学.语言少数民族语言少数民族.纵向的纵向的纵向的种族和民族的差异.种族/民族少数群体.

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