当专家重要时:关于疫苗和转基因生物体安全性的共识信息的变化
Benjamin A Lyons1, Vittorio Mérola2, Jason Reifler
1The University of Utah, USA.
Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)
|August 19, 2023
概括
科学共识信息有效地提高了公众对西班牙转基因生物 (GMO) 安全性的信念. 然而,它没有影响疫苗的看法,突出了特定主题的影响.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 科学传播科学传播
- 公众的意见 公众的意见
背景情况:
- 在气候变化和美国背景之外,对有争议的科学主题的共识信息的有效性未得到充分研究.
- 了解公众对疫苗和转基因生物 (GMO) 的看法对于公共卫生和政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在西班牙国家样本中调查共识信息对科学共识和个人对疫苗和转基因生物的信念的影响.
- 检查共识信息或共识程度的变化是否会影响这些感知.
- 评估个人差异是否会缓和共识信息传递的影响.
主要方法:
- 一个预先注册的调查实验与西班牙国家大样本 (N = 5087) 进行.
- 参与者接触到关于疫苗和转基因生物的不同形式的共识信息.
- 测量了对共识的看法,个人信仰和对禁令的支持.
主要成果:
- 在所有变异中,共识信息对疫苗信念没有影响.
- 对于转基因生物,科学共识信息增加了对转基因生物安全性的共识和信念,同时减少了对禁令的支持.
- 达成共识信息的程度没有产生一致的效果;个人差异没有否定达成共识信息的有效性.
结论:
- 科学共识信息可以提高对特定有争议的话题的信念准确性,例如转基因生物,即使效果规模很小.
- 共识信息的有效性取决于主题,在本研究中,疫苗的反应较小.
- 有针对性的沟通策略可能是必要的,以解决公众对复杂科学问题的误解.
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