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放射性沉降后恢复区域:关于除污染的多学科研究

Christopher Rääf¹, Johan Martinsson¹, Mats Eriksson²

¹Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Malmö, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.

Journal of environmental radioactivity

|August 19, 2023

概括

在放射性沉降后及时地修复土地对于减少辐射暴露至关重要. 在几年内进行早期清理可以最大限度地降低成本和浪费,但公众信任和赔偿仍然是重新安置的关键挑战.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
辐射保护辐射保护
社会科学社会科学社会科学

背景情况:

放射性沉降后,土地的整治至关重要,特别是从长期存在的同位素,如-137 (Cs).
城市地区在消毒和居民安全方面面临着独特的挑战.
了解整治的有效性,成本和公众对整治的看法对于有效的灾害规划至关重要.

研究的目的:

评估除污染时间对减少居民辐射暴露的影响.
计算与瑞典城市地区净化相关的直接和间接成本.
调查瑞典公民是否愿意返回被消毒的地点,并为应急计划提供信息.

主要方法:

综合放射学,经济和社会调查数据的多学科分析.
基于除污染时间表的辐射剂量减少的建模.
清理操作和废物生成的成本效益分析.
对2291名瑞典居民进行的调查涉及到在破产后的假设重新安置.

主要成果:

降落后的头几年里,除污染最有效,避免了显著的辐射剂量 (20-200 manSv/km²每MBq/km²¹³⁷Cs).
直接清除污染的成本是相当大的 (大约1. 1亿欧元/公里),产生了大量的放射性废物 (39000m3/km2).
在妇女,有孩子的家庭和高收入者中,公众对返回未被污染地区的怀疑态度更高,反映了福岛疏散者的模式.

结论:

以Cs沉积水平为指导的早期事故后规划,对于有效的补救,疏散和风险沟通至关重要.
解决公众的风险感知和厌恶至关重要,因为单靠沟通可能无法防止受影响地区的人口变化.
公平,特别是对居民的货币补偿,必须优先考虑,以确保成功的重新安置,并避免低效的净化支出.

关键词:

成本-收益关系是成本-收益的关系.清除污染的方法辐射应急准备情况恢复被放射性污染的土地.社会经济影响社会经济影响

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