使用机器学习 (ELDER-ICU) 对危急疾病中老年人的疾病严重程度评估:一项具有子组偏差评估的国际多中心研究
Xiaoli Liu1, Pan Hu2, Wesley Yeung3
1School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China; Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
The Lancet. Digital health
|August 20, 2023
概括
一个新的机器学习模型,ELDER-ICU,准确地预测了ICU的老年人住院死亡风险. 该工具有助于临床医生识别高风险患者,以便及时进行干预.
科学领域:
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 密集护理医学 密集护理医学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 高龄患者 (>65岁) 在急性事件中面临更高的死亡风险,原因是并发症,虚弱和认知能力下降.
- 准确的疾病严重程度评估对于在这个人口群体中有效的临床决策至关重要.
- 现有的模型可能无法充分捕捉老年ICU患者疾病严重程度的复杂性.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证ELDER-ICU,这是一种用于评估病情严重程度和预测住院死亡率的机器学习模型,用于入住ICU的老年人.
- 确保队列特定的校准,并评估模型的潜在偏差.
- 将ELDER-ICU的性能与其他机器学习算法和临床分数进行比较.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性,国际多中心研究,使用美国和荷兰医院的数据.
- 使用 eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) 算法开发和验证ELDER-ICU模型.
- 利用了六类预测因素:人口统计,并发病,虚弱,实验室,生命体征,治疗和尿液输出.
- 采用了SHapley添加式解释 (SHAP) 来实现模型的解释性,并进行了内部,外部和时间验证.
主要成果:
- 与XGBoost一起开发的ELDER-ICU模型在所有验证类型中表现出卓越的性能 (AUROC范围:0.833-0.884).
- 该模型在子组分析中显示了良好的校准和最小偏差 (美国外部验证AUROC>0.81,SMR0.99).
- 关键预测因素包括格拉斯哥昏迷度量得分,尿液输出,呼吸率,机械通风,活动状态,查尔森并发症指数和年龄.
- 一个简化的20个特征模型 (ELDER-ICU-20) 实现了与完整模型相比的可比预测性能.
结论:
- 老年人-ICU模型可靠地预测老年ICU患者的住院死亡率,使用例行收集的数据.
- ELDER-ICU可以帮助临床医生识别患病恶化的高风险患者,从而实现主动护理.
- 建议对临床实施进行前性验证和持续的性能监测.
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