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相关概念视频

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

15.7K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.7K
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

14.6K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.6K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

11.6K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.6K
Transposons01:24

Transposons

57
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
57
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

17.6K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.6K
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

9.9K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
9.9K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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使用最小化器对可转换元素进行基于同质性的有效注释.

Laura Natalia Gonzalez-García1,2, Daniela Lozano-Arce1, Juan Pablo Londoño3

  • 1Systems and Computing Engineering Department Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia.

Applications in plant sciences
|August 21, 2023
PubMed
概括

一个新的下一代测序体验平台 (NGSEP) 工具快速标注植物基因组中的可转移元素 (TE). 这种方法显著加快了大型复杂基因组的分析速度,克服了基因组组装中的一个关键瓶.

关键词:
生物信息学是一种生物信息学.基因组学就是基因组学.软件 软件 软件 软件 软件可转移的元素可以转移.

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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
  • 植物科学 植物科学

背景情况:

  • 可转移元素 (TE) 占复杂植物基因组的一半以上,影响基因表达,影响农业学重要特征.
  • 长读测序可以组装大型植物基因组,但可转换元素注释仍然是一个重大挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 在下一代测序体验平台 (NGSEP) 中引入新功能,以实现高效,基于同质性的可转换元素注释.
  • 为解决大型和复杂的植物基因组可转移元素注释的瓶.

主要方法:

  • 开发了一个新的NGSEP功能,将参考库序列处理为长读数,用于映射到基因组组件.
  • 实现了基于对参考库同质性的层次注释赋值.
  • 评估了算法在各种植物物种上的性能,包括Arabidopsis thaliana,Oryza sativa,Coffea humblotiana和Triticum aestivum.

主要成果:

  • 与传统的基于同质性的注释工具相比,NGSEP功能表现出更高的速度,实现了3x至20x以上的加速度.
  • 将面包小麦 (Triticum aestivum) 基因组的注释时间从几个月缩短到几个小时.
  • 通过RepeatMasker标注的TEs成功恢复了高达80%,精度高达0.95.

结论:

  • NGSEP为可转移元素分析提供了快速有效的解决方案,特别是在大型和可转移元素丰富的植物基因组中.
  • 这一进步有助于在植物中进行更全面的基因组注释和表征.