临床诊断中的错误:一个叙事审查
Zunaid Ismail Vally1, Razia A G Khammissa1, Gal Feller2
1School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
The Journal of international medical research
|August 21, 2023
概括
认知偏见和系统因素导致医疗保健中的诊断错误. 为了尽量减少这些错误,临床医生需要使用多个信息来源和反思性实践来提高诊断技能.
科学领域:
- 医学错误分析 医学错误分析
- 医学中的认知心理学.
- 改善医疗保健系统的改善
背景情况:
- 诊断错误源于认知偏见和其他认知失败.
- 影响诊断错误的因素包括临床医生,患者,疾病和医疗保健系统元素.
- 虽然经验丰富的临床医生使用直观和分析推理,但错误仍然不可避免.
研究的目的:
- 审查导致诊断错误发展的因素.
- 提高对影响临床诊断错误的复杂相互作用的理解.
- 为减少医疗保健诊断错误的策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 这篇叙事评论综合了关于认知偏见和其他诊断错误因素的信息.
- 它检查了临床医生,患者,疾病和系统级影响之间的相互作用.
- 该评论强调了反思和元认知实践的重要性.
主要成果:
- 认知偏差和系统特定因素是诊断错误的主要驱动因素.
- 在诊断中使用的是直观 (非分析) 和故意 (分析) 的推理,两种推理都可能存在错误.
- 尽量减少错误包括整合多个信息来源 (经验,专家意见,数据,指南) 和元认知策略.
结论:
- 了解诊断错误的多面性质对于缓解至关重要.
- 减少诊断错误的策略应解决认知,系统和个人临床医生的因素.
- 减少临床诊断错误对于公共卫生和患者安全至关重要.
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