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没有看到邪恶:老子对威胁的注意偏差在老子中减少
Anthony C Santistevan1, Olivia Fiske1, Gilda Moadab1
1Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis.
Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|August 21, 2023
概括
年长的子失去了对负面社会刺激的偏见,与年轻的子不同. 这表明,在灵长类物种中,与年龄相关的视觉注意力变化存在共同的进化机制.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 比较心理学比较心理学
- 灵长类动物学 灵长类动物学
背景情况:
- 老年人表现出注意力偏差,倾向于积极,避免消极的社会刺激 (积极性效应).
- 这种与年龄相关的阳性效应的遗传学保存和起源在很大程度上是未知的.
- 了解这些偏见可以阐明衰老的进化机制.
研究的目的:
- 研究 rhesus 子中社会情感刺激的视觉处理中的与年龄相关的差异.
- 为了确定是否人类与年龄相关的积极性效应是遗传学上保存的.
- 探索社会背景在调节这些注意偏差方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 在两个实验设计中使用了眼睛跟踪技术,与人类研究相似.
- 在中年和老年 rhesus 子 (Macaca mulatta) 之间对社会情感刺激的视觉处理进行了比较.
- 呈现了不同情感价值的同类面孔的图像.
主要成果:
- 较年轻的 rhesus 子表现出强烈的注意偏差,对威胁同类面孔的注意力偏差.
- 老的 rhesus 子对威胁的面孔没有表现出这种偏见.
- 年轻子的偏见特别出现在威胁的面孔与中性,而不是积极的面孔配对时,这表明了上下文依赖.
结论:
- 表明进化共享的机制是灵长类物种对负面刺激的视觉偏差与年龄相关的下降的基础.
- 突出了社会背景在调节与衰老相关的注意力偏差中的作用.
- 提供了与年龄相关的某些注意力模式的原始遗传保护的证据.
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