在柜台上的记忆补充剂:对现有证据的审查
Haley Hersant1, Sean He2, Peter Maliha2
1Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 South Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA. haley.hersant@health.slu.edu.
CNS drugs
|August 21, 2023
概括
大脑健康补充剂市场正在勃发展,但对许多增强记忆力的成分缺乏科学证据. 一些补充剂显示出承诺,而另一些补充剂对认知功能有混合或没有被证明的好处.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 全球脑健康补充剂市场是一个快速扩张的行业,预计到2030年将达到15590亿美元.
- 记忆增强器是这个市场的一个关键细分市场,推动了消费者的兴趣和销售.
- 美国食品和药物管理局的监管监督是有限的,这使得制造商有责任确保补充剂的安全性和声明真实性.
研究的目的:
- 评估支持增强记忆力的食补充剂中常见成分有效性的科学证据.
- 识别具有证明益处的成分,具有混合结果的成分,以及缺乏令人信服的记忆改善证据的成分.
- 为医疗保健提供者和消费者提供有关大脑健康补充剂研究当前状况的信息.
主要方法:
- 对当地和国家市场上可用的记忆补充剂进行了全面的审查.
- 确定了103种独特的补充剂,并分析了它们的成分.
- 我们搜索了科学文献数据库 (PubMed,Cochrane图书馆) 来查找关于18种最常见成分的研究.
主要成果:
- 没有令人信服的证据支持使用apoaequorin,辅酶Q10,咖啡提取物,L-theanine,omega-3脂肪酸,维生素B6,B9或B12来增强记忆.
- 一些证据表明,阿什瓦甘达,胆,黄素,生,狮子毛,多,酸和黄的潜在记忆益.
- 在与记忆有关的研究中,卡尼丁,金科比洛巴,Huperzine A,维生素D和维生素E显示出混合的结果.
结论:
- 认知补充剂行业的增长速度超过了其营销主张的科学基础.
- 需要在同质人群中进行更严格的长期研究,使用标准化的认知测量.
- 医疗保健提供者应了解老年人补充剂的使用,潜在的副作用和药物相互作用. 建议加强FDA对补充剂安全性,纯度和有效性要求的监测.
相关概念视频
01:30Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
152
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
152
01:23Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory
627
Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is...
Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is...
627
01:22Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment
213
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
213
01:26Alzheimer's Disease: Overview
518
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
518
01:19Understanding Memory
539
Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
539
01:14Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
474
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
474