确定在怀孕期间优化关键微量营养素摄入量的食物
Katherine A Sauder1, Catherine C Cohen1, Noel T Mueller2
1Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
The Journal of nutrition
|August 21, 2023
概括
大多数孕妇都很难从饮食中获得维生素D和铁等关键营养素. 虽然有些食物提供多种营养素,但补充剂通常是必要的,以便在怀孕期间摄入足够的营养素.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 孕产妇健康 孕产妇健康
- 饮食分析 饮食分析
背景情况:
- 美国许多孕妇摄入不够的必需营养素,包括维生素A,D,叶酸,,铁和omega-3脂肪酸,仅从饮食中获取.
- 很少有食补充剂可以提供足够剂量的所有六种关键营养素,而不会冒过度摄入的风险.
研究的目的:
- 确定能满足怀孕期间推的营养摄入量的节能食品,从而有可能取代对食补充剂的需求.
- 评估特定的食物是否可以提供足够的六种关键营养素,而不会超过怀孕期间推的热量摄入量.
主要方法:
- 利用2019-2020年饮食研究食品和营养素数据库来确定候选食品.
- 计算了六种关键营养素所需的额外摄入量,以满足怀孕妇女90%的估计平均需求,同时保持在可容忍的上限以下.
- 根据其提供目标营养水平的能力,根据每天额外的340千卡路里提供目标营养水平的能力,根据怀孕第二个三个月的建议进行评估.
主要成果:
- 在2358种候选食品中,没有一种提供足够的6种目标营养素.
- 海藻 (生或没有脂肪的) 满足了五种营养素 (维生素A,叶酸,,铁,欧米茄-3) 的目标,但需要每天摄入超过5杯.
- 只有少数食品达到维生素D (54) 或铁 (93) 的目标;21种食品/饮料达到六种营养素中的四种营养素的目标.
结论:
- 在怀孕期间仅通过饮食满足所有关键营养需求是具有挑战性的.
- 食补充剂对于在怀孕期间获得足够的维生素D,铁和omega-3脂肪酸摄入量可能是必不可少的,特别是对于非鱼类消费者.
- 在有限的数量中加入特定的食物可以帮助达到营养目标,而不会超过热量或安全限制.
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