医疗图像的基于深度学习的表型化提高了复杂疾病的基因发现能力
Brianna I Flynn1, Emily M Javan2, Eugenia Lin3
1Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. brianna.flynn@utexas.edu.
NPJ digital medicine
|August 21, 2023
概括
深度学习模型可以从DXA扫描中识别更多的膝关节骨关节炎病例,而不是电子健康记录. 这种基于图像的表型化改进了遗传发现,并揭示了新的骨折风险.
科学领域:
- 生物医学信息学是生物医学信息学.
- 放射学 放射学是指放射学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 电子健康记录往往不完整,限制了遗传关联研究.
- 基于图像的表型为疾病确诊提供了一个公正的替代方案,特别是在像膝关节骨关节炎这样通过成像诊断的疾病中.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估使用DXA扫描的基于图像的膝关节骨关节炎表型的深度学习模型.
- 为了比较深度学习表型化与遗传关联研究的传统电子健康记录数据的性能.
- 探索基于图像的定量表型在发现流行病学关联中的有用性.
主要方法:
- 训练了一个深度学习模型,从膝盖DXA扫描中识别膝关节骨关节炎病例,实现临床医生水平的性能.
- 开发了第二个深度学习模型,以定量测量膝关节关节空间宽度.
- 通过使用二进制和定量深度学习现象类型进行遗传关联分析.
- 研究了膝关节骨关节炎定量测量与成人骨折风险之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 深度学习模型发现的膝关节关节炎病例比电子健康记录中的病例多178%.
- 模型识别的病例报告了较高的发病率,更长的持续时间和膝盖疼痛的严重程度增加.
- 使用定量表型与二进制表型相比,使用定量表型提高了基因组范围内的显著位点的发现量级.
- 发现了定量膝关节骨关节炎和成人骨折风险增加之间的关联.
结论:
- 基于深度学习的图像表型化可以显著提高放射性疾病的病例确定,如膝关节骨关节炎.
- 从深度学习中获得的基于图像的定量表型提高了遗传学和流行病学关联分析的力量.
- 这种方法有可能用于生物库规模的表型化,揭示了电子健康记录中没有捕捉到的见解.
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