针头焦虑计划:一个以患者为中心的倡议,为发展障碍的人提供帮助
Julianna Rava1, Kashia A Rosenau1, Kendal Wilkie1
1Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
Cureus
|August 22, 2023
概括
一个新的计划改善了面临针焦虑的智力和发育障碍 (IDD) 患者的医疗保健. 它使用一种分层的方法,包括行为策略,分心和最小的镇静,以增加疫苗接种率并减少健康差异.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健管理的管理
- 患者护理 患者护理
- 行为医学是一种行为医学.
背景情况:
- 智力和发育障碍 (IDD) 患者在与针相关的手术过程中经常会感到焦虑.
- 针焦虑可以导致避免基本的医疗保健,包括疫苗接种和瘤切除术,导致健康差异.
- 当前的初级保健实践可能无法充分满足IDD和针恐惧症患者的具体需求.
研究的目的:
- 描述一个以患者为中心的倡议的发展,以改善IDD和针相关焦虑症患者的初级保健结果.
- 在IDD人口中增加疫苗接种和可访问性.
- 增强初级保健机构中针相关程序的人性和有效性.
主要方法:
- 在一个大型医疗保健系统中,成立了一个多学科专家委员会 (医生,心理学家,护士,药剂师,麻醉师).
- 开发涉及三个阶段:构思和设计,文献审查和综合,以及专家参与.
- 综合了基于证据的实践和新的方法,以创建一个分层干预策略.
主要成果:
- 开发了一个三层系统,用于管理IDD患者的针焦虑.
- 一级1涉及培训护士的行为修改策略.
- 2级包括分散注意力的设备和局部止痛药,用于缓解焦虑.
- 第三级引入了一种新的最小镇静方案,使用鼻内用米达佐拉姆在门诊环境中治疗严重的针恐惧症.
结论:
- 针焦虑计划有效地缓解了IDD和针焦虑患者在初级保健中的针相关程序.
- 该计划的分层方法,包括基于证据的实践和最低限度的镇静,改善了例行医疗程序的完成.
- 通过解决与针相关的过程,该计划旨在减少IDD人口的健康差异,并促进更广泛的采用.
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